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829. —Pasaing part of tho wintci' among tlio Ariaspae in Ocdrosia, Alexander marches in the early spring through Arachosia,
founding there an Alexandria (modern Candahar), and then pushes on to Parapamisadae (Hindu Kush), and through
the dirticult passes to Drapsaea on the frontier of liactria. He then ])asses on to Aoriuis and Bactra, and crossing "
the Oxus, pushes on to Marac-anda in Sogdiana, in pursuit of Bessus, whom he captures. His further move is to the
banks of the Jaxartes, where he founds the citj' of Alexandria Kschata, as the limit of his Empire.
328.—This year was spent by Alexander in routing the Scythiaus across the Jaxartes, and in subjugating Sogdiana. He spends
the winter at Zariaspa in western Bactria.
327.—In the beginning of the year Alexander returns again to Maracanda to put down some risings; and then turns .south
into Bactria. He now marries Roxana, the daughter of Oxyartes.
Alexander now sets out on his Indian expedition, captures Massaga and Aornus on the right bank of the Indus, and
waits until the spring to cross the Indus.
326.—Alexander crosses the Indus, and marches to Taxila, where Taxiles, the king, tendered his submission. He then
proceeds south to the Hydaspes river ; Porus, the king of this country, being encamped on the opposite liank with
his forces. Being unable to cross at this point, Alexander takes his forces, unknown to Porus, to a ford further up,
and successfuUj' accomplishes the crossing.
In the battle which ensues. Alexander gains a signal victory ; Porus is treated well, and his kingdom given back to
him under Macedonian protection.
Alexander founds Bucephala on the right bank, and Nica^a on the left bank of the Hydaspes.
Alexander now marches northward against certain liill trilies, and in his victorious career reaches the banks of the
Hyphasis. Here his soldiers refuse to go further, and Alexander gives way and returns to the Hydaspes.
In the meantime a tleet had been prepared to carry the army down the Hydaspes to the Indian Ocean, the fleet
being under the command of Nearchus.
325.—In Alexander's progress south, the Malli and other tribes tender their submission ;
new cities of Alexandria are founded ;
and in the summer Alexander reaches Pattala, near the mouth of the Indus
During this march, news of a revolt in Arachosia reaches Alexander, who at once sends Craterus with a force to
suppress it, and with instructions to meet him again near the coast at the entrance of the Persian Gulf.
Alexander now begins his march from Pattala through Gedrosia and Carmania ; Nearchus is to take the fleet through
the Indian Ocean and up the Persian Gulf. Alexander, Craterus and Nearchus meet again with their forces at the
appointed place at the entrance to the Persian Gulf.
324.—Alexander, passing through I'asargadae and Persepolis, reaches Susa. Here he marries Statira, the daughter of Darius.
Alexander then sails down the Pasitigris to the Persian Gulf, and up the Tigris to Opis. Here he quells a mutiny of
his troops, and sends home 10,000 of them under Craterus and Polysperchon. He spends the next few months at
Ecbatana.J
323.— Alexander proceeds to Babylon, punishing, on the way, the Cossaei.
The fleet of Nearchus sails up the Euphrates and meets him here. He prepares a fleet for an Arabian expedition.
Alexander dies at Babylon of fever.