Research Abstracts on Child Labour Women Labour - Nipccd

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hygienic environment to street vendors to sell their goods. License/ identity cards should also be given, and an educational programme and health programmes should be organized twice a month for women vendors. Krishna, Sangeeta. (2001). Women vendors : a study of Varanasi. Varanasi : Banaras Hindu Univ., Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Women's Studies and Development. 45 p. Key Words : 1.WOMEN LABOUR 2.VENDOR 3.STREET VENDOR 4.WOMEN VENDORS 5.WORKING HOURS 6.SUPPORT STRUCTURE 7.ROLE CONFLICT 8.MUNICIPALITY 9.CASE STUDY 10.PROBLEM OF WORKING WOMEN 11.FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLD. Abstract : Working women in the informal sector is an important segment of the labour force. The economic and social conditions of those working in this sector are dismal. It was estimated that about 15% urban informal sectors workforce are street vendors. Participation rate of female workforce in the informal sector is as high as 49% as against 15% to 17% in the case of males. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the motivational factors for choosing the trade/ business; ascertain the impact of women’s economic activities; understand the gendered nature of the activities and roles performed by women. In all 21 women were interviewed. Purposive sampling method was used for interview because it is difficult to ascertain the exact number of women vendors. Majority of them were illiterate and only a few were literate upto primary and middle levels. Nearly 29% women sellers under study had large families (5 to 6 children). Majority of the respondents came from families which have an income of even less than Rs. 50 per day. Only 2 had a daily earning of between Rs. 81-100. Majority of them worked for at least 8 to 10 hours and a few worked 14 to 16 hours. The most frightening experience for these women sellers is the regular eviction carried out by the district or municipal administration. Although these poor women have been selling seasonal fruits, vegetables, etc. for the last 15-20 years, yet they do not have a secure a place to sit and vend. Majority of them reported that their activity gives them a ready source of money everyday; it also releases them from the monotony and drudgery of household work. Most of the times, in the absence of any knowledge about calculations, they are cheated by customers. Working women generally bear double burden as worker, homemaker and mother. Majority of the women sellers had no aspirations or expectations, but left their destiny on fate. They faced economic uncertainties due to police harassment, eviction drive by the municipality, frequent clashes with local shopkeepers, as well as hostilities of the urban middle class people. Town planning must take into consideration vending lanes on the road so that traffic need not be obstructed. The police and the municipality must take an attitude of helping these women rather than harassing them. The periodic ‘encroachment’ clearance should be done only after providing some alternatives. 95 <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Abstracts</strong> on Child Labour, Labour and Women Labour 1998 - 2009
Women Weavers V. V. Giri National Labour Institute, NOIDA. (2002). Women weavers of Sualkuchi, the silk town of Assam. NOIDA : VVGNLI. 50 p. Key Words : 1.WOMEN LABOUR 2.WEAVERS 3.SILK INDUSTRY 4.SUALKUCHI 5.ASSAM. Abstract : Handlooms provide a utilization of leisure to the women folk of rural Assam who work for a few hours a day to produce hand-woven cotton fabrics, mostly for personal use. 247 women wage weavers were randomly selected for the study. In addition, 50 male wage weavers and 168 master weavers (of whom 27 were women) and 32 entrepreneurs were also selected. The study was carried out through field visits in Sualkuchi area of Assam. It was found that there were 1,122 looms of 200 weavers, giving an average of 5.6 looms per weaver. Of the 200 weavers, 82 (41%) were financing their activities from their own sources, altogether 49 weavers also took the help of their friends and relatives. 50 weavers had taken loans from financial institutions under different schemes of the Government. Most of the sampled weavers (54.5%) were selling their products in the local market. 19% Sualkuchi workers sold their products locally as well as in Guwahati. Sualkuchi produced 15 million square metres of silk and 15,000 square metres of muga fabrics. Out of the 200 firms, on an average, 68 had unused looms and 2 were lying idle. 52 of them reported shortage of labour. A few weavers were selling their products directly to consumers (9% only). 91% weavers do not sell their products directly to the ultimate consumers. 49% of the master/entrepreneur weavers belonged to the scheduled caste community. Master/entrepreneur weavers from OBCs constituted 27% of the sample. In 109 master/entrepreneur weaver households at least one illiterate member was found. 5% entrepreneurs/weavers were earning less than Rs. 20,000 in an year, which was below the poverty line. 60% earned more than Rs. 48,000 per year. Most of the women wage weavers (80.6%) were unmarried, whereas the situation was reverse in the case of male wage weavers and 52% of them were married. 45 women wage weavers, out of the total women wage weavers, had a family income of less than Rs.19,650 per annum. 55% workers reported that they got free accommodation and tea and snacks during work hours from their employers. 32 women wage weavers (12.9%) reported that they got tea and festival advance 96 <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Abstracts</strong> on Child Labour, Labour and Women Labour 1998 - 2009
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Brick Industry Ghosh, Ruma. (2004).
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Health Status Nagda, B.L. (2005). S
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