Research Abstracts on Child Labour Women Labour - Nipccd

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Unorganised Sector Verma, Vandana. (1999). A study of child labourers in unorganised sector of Rajasthan. Udaipur : M L Sukhadia Univ, Dep of Economics. 278 p. Key Words : 1.CHILD LABOUR 2.CHILD LABOUR-RAJASTHAN 3.UNORGANISED SECTOR. Abstract :The study explored the socio-economic conditions, causes, migration behaviour, and working conditions of child labour in the unorganised sectors in Rajasthan. In Rajasthan, the human development index is low, hence the problem of child labour is on the increase. Being a relatively backward state there is low per capita income, slow pace in the growth of literacy, backward agricultural practices prevail, scarcity of industries and lack of proper exploitation of human and natural resources, which all contribute to slow development, resulting in an increase in the number of child labourers. Most of the parents let or make their children work in occupations similar to those in which they are engaged. Monthly income of the families of child labourers ranges between Rs.1500 and Rs.2000. Due to low income, it is difficult for them to meet their basic needs, which compels them to send their children to work at a young age. Child labourers are also preferred by their entrepreneurs because they are easy to handle and do not hesitate doing petty jobs. In the domestic and construction sector, maximum number of child labourers were from SCs and STs, in contrast to the child workers working in dhabas (roadside hotels), who belonged to the general category. 60.56 per cent of the child labourers were literate. Of the literate children, 79.73 per cent had attained education upto primary level, while 24.58% had received education upto upper primary level and 1.69% had received education upto higher secondary level. The number of non-migrant child labourers was more in the domestic sector, while the percentage of commuters was higher in the construction sector, and in the dhaba sector, the number of migrant child labourers was higher. The average number of working hours of all the child labourers was 8.33 hours per day. It was 7.09 hours a day in the domestic sector, 8.70 hours a day in the construction sector, and 9.20 hours a day in the dhabas. The average wages of all the three sectors was Rs.495, and while in the domestic sector it was Rs.527.50, in the construction sector it was Rs.434.17, and in dhabas it was Rs.523.33. Most of the children worked on temporary or contract or work charge basis. The study recommended the following measures : 1.provision of free and compulsory education to child labour; 2.poverty reduction programme to be started for the families of working children; 3.children working in unorganised sectors should be covered under the Child Labour Regulation and Elimination Act ; 4.National Commission on Child Labour should be established; 5.more voluntary agencies may be encouraged to identify child labour, and community action in all child labour related programmes should be ensured; 6.human development programmes like DWCRA, employment and education of women should be promoted and encouraged. 71 <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Abstracts</strong> on Child Labour, Labour and Women Labour 1998 - 2009
Zari Industry John, J. and Ruma, Ghosh. (2003). Study of child labour in the Zardosi and Hathari units of Varanasi. Noida : V.V. Giri National Labour Institute. 50 p. Key Words : 1.CHILD LABOUR 2.ZARI INDUSTRY 3.EMBROIDERY INDUSTRY 4.ZARDOSI EMBROIDERY 5.HATHARI EMBROIDERY. Abstract : The study was conducted in the Zardosi and Hathari industry (embroidery work) in Varanasi in 2003. The aim of the study was to assess the socio-economic conditions of working children and their families, and understand the demand and supply side factors of child labour in the industry. The sample, consisting of 204 households was divided into 3 major age groups namely 5-9 years, 10-14 years and 15-18 years. This study was based on primary and secondary data, group discussions and observation technique. The study revealed that out of the total sample of workers, 30.5% were children. It shows that the industry is highly dependent on child labour. It was also found that 33% of the children in the age group 5-14 years had received some formal education and only 28% of the total children were attending school. 51.2% children who received formal education had dropped out from school because of economic problems. It was also observed that health hazard, namely weak eyesight, affected nearly all people who worked in the industry. No government programme was running in this area for the benefit of these families. It was suggested that good schools with adequate teachers should be located in the areas of child labour concentration and separate schools for girls should be established. 72 <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Abstracts</strong> on Child Labour, Labour and Women Labour 1998 - 2009
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Brick Industry Ghosh, Ruma. (2004).
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Page 62 and 63: Hotel Industry Chenniappan, K. (199
Page 64 and 65: Hosiery Industry Yamuna, T. V. and
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