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early-eleventh century date would be prior to the ceremonial translations of the Aredius relics reported ca. 1060 and in 1181, as discussed in Chapter II. 15 The translations would have occasioned full solemnities for St. Aredius, specifically appropriate for a carefully prepared Aredius Mass Proper as found in the St. Yrieix Gradual and discussed in detail in Chapter V. C. ELEMENTS OF USAGE IN PA903 AND RELATED SOURCES Examining the usage of St. Yrieix is essential for understanding the historical implications of Pa903. Liturgical usage reflected the choices of liturgy for the Mass (and Office) throughout the liturgical year. Temporal and sanctoral feasts of the international Gregorian liturgy dominate the manuscript. 16 But the manuscript also includes additional Masses that are not part of the Gregorian calendar. If the core liturgy was “Gregorian” based on the Romano-Frankish sacramentaries of the ninth century, then the additional regional and local feasts of the late tenth and eleventh centuries were chosen as “neo- Gregorian” feasts with chants selected or composed in the genres of the Gregorian formulary. In some cases the chants of the neo-Gregorian feasts are Gregorian, conventionally to be taken from a Common of Saints, but there are other feasts containing “neo-Gregorian” chants written in Gregorian style, but composed separately from the Gregorian corpus. This practice was very common in the Middle Ages and allowed variability within an otherwise standardized canonical practice. 17 Typical regional feasts were those for (1) 15 Abbé Arbellot, Vie de S. Yrieix ses miracles et son culte. (Limoges: Imprimerie Ve, H. Ducourtieux, 1900): 83-86. 16 For the purposes of modern scholarship this repertory is authoritatively represented in the AMS. 17 This tradition is represented in the four Gallican sacramentaries that have survived (but without music) from the seventh century. See J. M. Neale and G. H. Forbes, The Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church, New First Collected, with an Introductory Dissertation, Notes, and Various Readings together with Parallel passages from the Roman, Ambrosian, and Mozarabic Rites (New 50
the patron saint and other senior patrons who held the allegiance of the establishment, (2) major regional saints of long tradition and on whom the community relied for support in the spiritual and secular worlds, and (3) other saints and celebrations of local preference and newer Roman feasts not yet officially added to the calendar. In the analysis of Pa903 the selection of feasts in the gradual and the particular prominence given to certain of the feasts (Gregorian as well as neo-Gregorian) are additional distinctive features that permit determination of liturgical usage. These include increased ornamentation of the written text, such as larger and/or decorated initials for the introit of the feast and ornamented capitals for each successive chant of the proper (see Figure 3-1). Other ways to display prominence include tropes, prosulas, prosas, or antiphons proper to the saint as rhetorical additions to the Mass. Further importance was indicated by including more than one alternative Mass for the feast, a vigil service on the night before the feast day, or one or more octave and post octave feasts in the succeeding weeks after the feast day. A third mode of emphasis was to include feasts for the (sainted) associates of the major figure. For example, a sainted associate of St. Martin of Tours (senior patron of St. Yrieix) was Brictius, Martin‟s successor as bishop of Tours, who appears in Pa903 along with Martin. The inclusion of feasts related to associates and contemporaries created a virtual community of saints around the central subject of veneration. 18 The next Section of this Chapter initiates the investigation of the usage of St. Yrieix by reviewing the basic degree of textual match between the five Aquitanian gradual manuscripts as an orientation to the paths of potential influence among them York: AMS Press, Inc. 1970; First printed 1855, London). More recently, see Els Rose, Missale Gothicum e codice Vaticano Reginensi latino 317 editum. In Corpus Christianorum Series Latina vol. 159 D (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2005). 18 Examples of these particular practices are illustrated in Appendix A3-4 for the Sacramentaries of the cathedral of St. Martin of Tours and for the Abbey of Marmoutier. 51
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Copyright by William Manning Sherri
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The Gradual of St. Yrieix in Eleven
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Acknowledgements I express deep gra
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Yrieix favored its senior patron St
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C. Elements of Usage in Pa903 and R
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3. Chants Transmitted only by Pa903
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Table 5-6 Pa903 Neo-Gregorian Conco
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures Figure 1-1 Map of A
Page 17 and 18: I. Introduction A. AREDIUS AND THE
Page 19 and 20: As a further part of the renewal pr
Page 21 and 22: (particularly from PM13) has also b
Page 23 and 24: the region. 17 The usage of St. Yri
Page 25 and 26: dependency of the Collegiate Church
Page 27 and 28: In contrast to the Aredius hagiogra
Page 29 and 30: funeral Aredius saved two women suf
Page 31 and 32: Table 2-1 List of St. Aredius Beque
Page 33 and 34: anachronism in these vitae, authors
Page 35 and 36: hagiography of Aredius, from Mabill
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2-2 Summary of Events in the
Page 39 and 40: According to Carolingian law, the l
Page 41 and 42: Seguin as the last abbot of St. Yri
Page 43 and 44: eferences in the diploma to the fai
Page 45 and 46: officially promulgated canonization
Page 47 and 48: (d.) The Later Centuries After the
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2-3 Chapter Church of St. Yr
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2-5 Saint Yrieix Bible, Thir
Page 53 and 54: Table 2-2 St. Aredius and St. Yriei
Page 55 and 56: their reforming initiatives. This i
Page 57 and 58: eflect the growing security and imp
Page 59 and 60: Table 3-1 Contents Pa903 Based on C
Page 61 and 62: Figure 3-1 Example Initials and Cap
Page 63 and 64: The ornamental pen-work in the desi
Page 65: includes the early eleventh-century
Page 69 and 70: patterns of association between 263
Page 71 and 72: Pa903. Finally, there are sixteen A
Page 73 and 74: Table 3-2 Neo-Gregorian Regional an
Page 75 and 76: century Collegiate Church of St. Ma
Page 77 and 78: that is also found in Harley4951, P
Page 79 and 80: Appendix A3-4 compares the sanctora
Page 81 and 82: 5. Summary Liturgical usage as refl
Page 83 and 84: were also chosen for St. Yrieix whi
Page 85 and 86: through the intercession of Aredius
Page 87 and 88: The principal goal of this Section
Page 89 and 90: Table 4-1 Pa903 Regional Antiphons
Page 91 and 92: Contiued Pa903 Antiphon Incipit PM1
Page 93 and 94: Table 4-2a St. Yrieix Antiphon Repe
Page 95 and 96: These eleventh-century antiphons, c
Page 97 and 98: Table 4-3 Troped Masses in Pa903 Ma
Page 99 and 100: Table 4-4 Pa903 Tropes for Chants N
Page 101 and 102: Table 4-6(a) Pa903 Kyrie Tropes Inc
Page 103 and 104: Table 4-7 Pa903 Gloria, Sanctus, Ag
Page 105 and 106: melisma. Appendix A4-3 lists both g
Page 107 and 108: (b.) Alleluia Prosas in Pa903 Pa776
Page 109 and 110: Table 4-9 Offertory Prosulas of Pa9
Page 111 and 112: E. PROMINENT EMBELLISHED MASSES The
Page 113 and 114: sacramentaries that were not includ
Page 115 and 116: A. OVERVIEW V. Neo-Gregorian Chants
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and (2) local neo-Gregorian chants
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Table 5-2a Temporal and Ritual Mass
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The sanctoral clearly contains the
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(a.) Chants of the Temporal and Rit
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Table 5-5 Pa903 Prominent Neo-Grego
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Table 5-6 Pa903 Neo-Gregorian Conco
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century missal from Veroli. 19 The
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line (the custos, marked 5) indicat
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This gradual follows Gregorian conv
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There are two prosas for the Arediu
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Figure 5-2d The Aredius Prosa Allel
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OFFERTORY p.220 Immaculatas hostiar
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(b.) Communion The Communion (Figur
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Figure 5-5 The Aredius Prosa Astra
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Table 5-9 Introit Trope Sets for St
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Table 5-10 Neo-Gregorian Masses for
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week of Lent suggests a new regiona
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2. Mass for the Dead The neo-Gregor
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E. NEO-GREGORIAN MASS CHANTS AND GA
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the Saturninus offertory : …victi
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Table 5-12 Traditional Gallican Cha
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(with the Gregorian chants removed)
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Gregorian feast included in the tra
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expressed visions of the sanctity a
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through the Middle Ages. 1 Historic
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fact by the Bishop and Viscounts of
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the chant texts of the Cassinese ne
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Aquitanian gradual (Pa776), while t
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E. THE AQUITANIAN GRADUALS 1. Simil
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the neo-Gregorian chants for neo-Gr
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to fill in the issues in geographic
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Appendices APPENDIX A3-1 FRONT GUAR
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APPENDIX A3-2 TABLE OF ST. YRIEIX S
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Table Continued Pa903 Item AMS GALL
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APPENDIX A3-3 PA903 AMS GALL TOURS
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171
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APPENDIX A4-1 PA903 ANTIPHONS Compl
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Pa903 Antiphon Incipit PM13p/f AMS
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Pa903 Antiphon Incipit PM13 p./f. A
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Pa903 Antiphon Incipit PM13/f. AMS
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Table A4-1.2 Gregorian Antiphons in
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APPENDIX A4-2 PA903 TROPES Table A4
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Pa903 Tropes Incipit PM13ff. Commen
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Pa903 Tropes Incipit ff. Comment In
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199
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201
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Table A5-1.1 Complete List of Neo-G
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Neo-Greg chants continued Incipit P
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Table A5-1.4 Sanctoral Feasts in Pa
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Table A5-1.5 Neo-Gregorian Chants o
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Chants of the Temporal cont’d Inc
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Table A5-1.7 Neo-Gregorian Chants o
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Neo-Greg in Greg Sanctoral cont’d
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Neo-Greg Chants in Neo-Greg Sanctor
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APPENDIX A5-2 FINDING OF THE CROSS:
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Table A5-2.2b Finding of the Cross
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APPENDIX A5-3 AQUITANIAN NOTATION O
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APPENDIX A5-4 NEO-GREGORIAN MASS CH
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Appendix 5-4, Table A5-4.1 cont‟d
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Table A5-4.1 (Continued) 4/4 235
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Table A5-4.2 Continued Incipit Pa90
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APPENDIX A5-5 TRANSCRIPTIONS OF THE
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GR Beatam Aredii animam ad caelos C
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PM13:220 OF: Immaculatas hostiarum
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PM13:220 Aredius OF Verse 1 O incli
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Figure A5-5.6 Finding of the Cross
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PM13:207 Figure A5-5.8 Pa903 Benedi
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PM13:194 Figure A5-5.10 Barnabas Al
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Bibliography Aigrain, René, “Are
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http://www.uniRegensburg.de/Fakulta
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Gregory of Tours. The History of th
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Justmann, Dean Richard. “Mode-one
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Montalembert, Charles Forbes, comte
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ömische und alt-spanische repertoi
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Vita William M. Sherrill is a nativ
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