CHARACTERIZATION OF DESERT DATE (Balanites aegyptiaca)

List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Balanites trees 2
Figure 1.2 Immature fruiting branch (A), mature fruits (B), nuts (C), and
kernels of Balanites
Figure 1.3 Map showing Balanites population distribution in Africa 4
Figure 1.4 Map showing Balanites population distribution in south Asia 5
Figure 1.5 Aglycone skeletons of saponins
Figure 1.6 Antifungal saponins from oat and solanaceous plants
Figure 2.1 LC-MS chromatogram of methnol-extracted B. aegyptiaca
mesocarp in negative ion mode
Figure 2.2 Electrospray mass spectra [M-H] - of methanol-extracted B.
aegyptiaca mesocarp
Figure 2.3 MS/MS spectra of [M-H] - showing fragment ions of the major
saponins of methanol-extracted B. aegyptiaca mesocarp
Figure 2.4 Peaks from the anomeric carbons and protons in the sugar residues
of mesocarp saponin (Peak #2)
Figure 2.5 The DEPT 135 spectra show the methylene groups with negative
peaks of mecapr saponin (Peak #2)
Figure 2.6 COSY spectra showing the crosspeaks from Glu’ (a), Glu’’ (b),
Rha (c) and Glu’’’’ (d)
Figure 2.7 Structure of main saponin of fruit mesocarp isolated from Peak #2 31
Figure 2.8 Peaks from the anomeric carbons and proton atoms in the sugar
residues of the compound of Peak #4
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