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References 100. Walker JR, Corpina RA, Goldberg J (2001) Structure of the Ku heterodimer bound to DNA and its implications for double-strand break repair. Nature 412: 607–614. 101. Longhese MP, Bonetti D, Manfrini N, Clerici M (2010) Mechanisms and regulation of DNA end resection. EMBO J 29: 2864–2874. 102. Paull TT (2010) Making the Best of the Loose Ends: Mre11/Rad50 complexes and Sae2 promote DNA double-strand break resection. DNA Repair (Amst) 9: 1283–1291. 103. Huertas P (2010) DNA resection in eukaryotes: deciding how to fix the break. Nat Struct Mol Biol 17: 11–16. 104. Buis J, Wu Y, Deng Y, Leddon J, Westfield G, et al. (2008) Mre11 nuclease activity has essential roles in DNA repair and genomic stability distinct from ATM activation. Cell 135: 85–96. 105. Nakada D, Matsumoto K, Sugimoto K (2003) ATM-related Tel1 associates with double-strand breaks through an Xrs2-dependent mechanism. Genes Dev 17: 1957–1962. 106. Mantiero D, Clerici M, Lucchini G, Longhese MP (2007) Dual role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tel1 in the checkpoint response to doublestrand breaks. EMBO Rep 8: 380–387. 107. Nakada D, Hirano Y, Sugimoto K (2004) Requirement of the Mre11 complex and exonuclease 1 for activation of the Mec1 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol 24: 10016–10025. 108. Dubrana K, van Attikum H, Hediger F, Gasser SM (2007) The processing of double-strand breaks and binding of single-strand-binding proteins RPA and Rad51 modulate the formation of ATR-kinase foci in yeast. J Cell Sci 120: 4209–4220. 109. Majka J, Binz SK, Wold MS, Burgers PMJ (2006) Replication protein A directs loading of the DNA damage checkpoint clamp to 5’-DNA junctions. J Biol Chem 281: 27855–27861. 110. Paciotti V, Clerici M, Lucchini G, Longhese MP (2000) The checkpoint protein Ddc2, functionally related to S. pombe Rad26, interacts with Mec1 and is regulated by Mec1-dependent phosphorylation in budding yeast. Genes Dev 14: 2046–2059. 111. Pfander B, Diffley JFX (2011) Dpb11 coordinates Mec1 kinase activation with cell cycle-regulated Rad9 recruitment. EMBO J 30: 4897–4907. 107
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UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-B
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Contents
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Abstract
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Riassunto
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Introduction
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Introduction In Saccharomyces cerev
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Introduction Figure 3: A: Diagram s
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Introduction The Replication Protei
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Introduction Rap1 C terminal is ess
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Introduction and highest at G1 phas
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Introduction cleaves the RNA strand
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Introduction In the G1 cell cycle p
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Introduction impaired, and nuclease
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Introduction functionally compromis
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Introduction increasing the interac
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Introduction Similarly in fission y
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Introduction constitutive phosphory
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Shelterin-Like Proteins and Yku Inh
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Bonetti et. al., PLoS Genet. 2010 M
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Rif1 Supports the Function of the C
Page 67 and 68: Anbalagan et. al., PLoS Genet. 2011
Page 95 and 96: References Anbalagan et. al., PLoS
Page 99: Anbalagan et. al., PLoS Genet. 2011
Page 102 and 103: Discussion The DNA damage proteins
Page 104 and 105: Discussion An hypothesis for the sp
Page 106 and 107: Discussion Figure 14: Model, part 2
Page 108 and 109: Telomeric G4 Discussion Apart from
Page 110 and 111: References 1. Hayflick L (1965) The
Page 112 and 113: References that is required for tel
Page 114 and 115: References 51. Surovtseva YV, Churi
Page 116 and 117: References telomere elongation in S
Page 120 and 121: References 124. Gravel S, Larrivée
Page 122 and 123: References 147. Lamarche BJ, Orazio
Page 124 and 125: References 170. Boltz KA, Leehy K,
Page 126 and 127: References 194. Nimonkar AV, Ozsoy
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