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References 194. Nimonkar AV, Ozsoy AZ, Genschel J, Modrich P, Kowalczykowski SC (2008) Human exonuclease 1 and BLM helicase interact to resect DNA and initiate DNA repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 16906–16911. 195. Nimonkar AV, Genschel J, Kinoshita E, Polaczek P, Campbell JL, et al. (2011) BLM-DNA2-RPA-MRN and EXO1-BLM-RPA-MRN constitute two DNA end resection machineries for human DNA break repair. Genes Dev 25: 350–362. 196. Lingner J, Cooper JP, Cech TR (1995) Telomerase and DNA end replication: no longer a lagging strand problem? Science 269: 1533– 1534. 197. Makarov VL, Hirose Y, Langmore JP (1997) Long G tails at both ends of human chromosomes suggest a C strand degradation mechanism for telomere shortening. Cell 88: 657–666. 198. Wellinger RJ, Ethier K, Labrecque P, Zakian VA (1996) Evidence for a New Step in Telomere Maintenance. Cell 85: 423–433. 199. Dionne I, Wellinger RJ (1996) Cell cycle-regulated generation of singlestranded G-rich DNA in the absence of telomerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 13902–13907. 200. Dionne I, Wellinger RJ (1998) Processing of telomeric DNA ends requires the passage of a replication fork. Nucleic Acids Res 26: 5365– 5371. 201. Hackett JA, Greider CW (2003) End resection initiates genomic instability in the absence of telomerase. Mol Cell Biol 23: 8450–8461. 202. Nautiyal S, DeRisi JL, Blackburn EH (2002) The genome-wide expression response to telomerase deletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 9316–9321. 203. Polotnianka RM, Li J, Lustig AJ (1998) The yeast Ku heterodimer is essential for protection of the telomere against nucleolytic and recombinational activities. Curr Biol 8: 831–834. 204. Lydall D, Weinert T (1995) Yeast checkpoint genes in DNA damage processing: implications for repair and arrest. Science 270: 1488–1491. 205. Vodenicharov MD, Wellinger RJ (2006) DNA degradation at unprotected telomeres in yeast is regulated by the CDK1 (Cdc28/Clb) cell-cycle kinase. Mol Cell 24: 127–137. 115
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UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-B
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Contents
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Abstract
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Riassunto
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Introduction
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Introduction In Saccharomyces cerev
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Introduction Figure 3: A: Diagram s
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Introduction The Replication Protei
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Introduction Rap1 C terminal is ess
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Introduction and highest at G1 phas
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Introduction cleaves the RNA strand
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Introduction In the G1 cell cycle p
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Introduction impaired, and nuclease
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Introduction functionally compromis
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Introduction increasing the interac
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Introduction Similarly in fission y
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Introduction constitutive phosphory
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Shelterin-Like Proteins and Yku Inh
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Bonetti et. al., PLoS Genet. 2010 M
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Rif1 Supports the Function of the C
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Anbalagan et. al., PLoS Genet. 2011
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Page 75 and 76: Anbalagan et. al., PLoS Genet. 2011
Page 95 and 96: References Anbalagan et. al., PLoS
Page 99: Anbalagan et. al., PLoS Genet. 2011
Page 102 and 103: Discussion The DNA damage proteins
Page 104 and 105: Discussion An hypothesis for the sp
Page 106 and 107: Discussion Figure 14: Model, part 2
Page 108 and 109: Telomeric G4 Discussion Apart from
Page 110 and 111: References 1. Hayflick L (1965) The
Page 112 and 113: References that is required for tel
Page 114 and 115: References 51. Surovtseva YV, Churi
Page 116 and 117: References telomere elongation in S
Page 118 and 119: References 100. Walker JR, Corpina
Page 120 and 121: References 124. Gravel S, Larrivée
Page 122 and 123: References 147. Lamarche BJ, Orazio
Page 124 and 125: References 170. Boltz KA, Leehy K,
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