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STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, CHEMIA, LIV, 3, 2009 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION IN MONOETHANOLAMINE IN PACKED ABSORPTION COLUMNS ANA-MARIA CORMOS a , JOZSEF GASPAR a , ANAMARIA PADUREAN a ABSTRACT. Computer-based process simulations are today recognized as an essential tool to be applied in chemical process industries. For this paper a mathematical model is needed to describe closer the real physical – chemical processes that take place in a reactor (packed absorption column) used for carbon dioxide absorption in mono-ethanolamine aqueous solution. The mathematical model was developed for analyzing absorption rate and understanding of micro level interaction of various processes taking place inside de absorption column. The modeling includes transfer processes: mass and heat to study the coupled effect of temperature and concentration on the rate of absorption. The reaction kinetics and the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) are other important parts of the mathematical model. The developed equations include both ordinary differential equations and partial differential equation. The discretization was used to transform partial differential equations in ordinary ones. The evolutions (in time and space) of the processes parameters (liquid and gaseous flows, composition of the streams, temperatures etc.) were studied for carbon dioxide absorption process. Keywords: Chemical absorption, Packed column, Stationary-dynamic model INTRODUCTION The protection of the environment is a significant problem of modern human society for a sustainable development. For environmental protection and climate change mitigation, the reports of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established on scientific basis that climate change and rising of global temperature levels noticed in the past 50 years are undoubteful linked with human activity and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly carbon dioxide) [1]. At the same time with realizing the danger there had been adopted strict laws to control the emission of polluting substances. From different greenhouse gases, the most important from the volume of emissions is carbon dioxide. a Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kogalniceanu Street, No. 1, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, cani@chem.ubbcluj.ro
38 ANA-MARIA CORMOS, JOZSEF GASPAR, ANAMARIA PADUREAN For the limitation of climate changes, the goal is to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by capture and storage techniques. For carbon dioxide capture there are multiple technological options: capture from combusted gases resulted after the burning of fuels (post-combustion capture), capture before the burning of fuels (pre-combustion capture), or the oxy-combustion technique where the fuels are burned in oxygen, not in air, and after the condensation of the water from the burnt gases carbon dioxide can be captured and stored because it is the main component. Once carbon dioxide captured, has to be stored in safety under special conditions for a long period of time [2,3]. Nowadays the absorption of carbon dioxide in alkanolamines is the most common technology and one of the few technological options viable for large CO2 removal process (to be applied for instance in power generation sector). Economic studies show that this method will be competitive also in the future. To extensive laboratory work, modeling and simulation of absorption process are needed in order to evaluate the process. This paper aims to develop a dynamic mathematical model for carbon dioxide absorption in aqueous solution of mono-ethanolamine in packed absorption columns. The main purpose of the paper is to develop and than to validate a model which can be then used in various operation condition for optimization of techno indicators of carbon dioxide absorption process. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mathematical model of absorption column Carbon dioxide absorption using alkanolamines falls in the general category of chemical gas – liquid absorption [4,5]. In Figure 1, a simplified flowsheet of a carbon dioxide capture using mono-ethanolamine (MEA) is presented. The setup consist of 3 major sections [5]: (1) reactor-absorption section (tower column called), (2) the liquid low section consisting the peristaltic pump and (3) gas collection section with the gas flow composition and pressure measurement apparatus. In absorption column with stuffing, the liquid and a gas flowing in opposite directions, enable a chemical component to be transferred from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The gas enters at the base of the absorption column, it flow rates being determined by variable area flow meters. The liquid to the top of the column is similarly metered and falls through the packing where it is contacted with the rising gas. A mathematical model has been developed for prediction the rate absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous solution of mono-ethanolamine (MEA). The basic assumption considered for the CO2 absorption by mono-ethanolamine solution in an absorption column with Raschig rings are presented below: • Model parameters are constant in the radial cross section of the column (piston-type flow); • Both gas and solids velocities are considered constant;
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152 D. MIHU, L. VLASE, S. IMRE, C.
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