154 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34 Vernacular.— Ko ta chi (°àÕµ“®’) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern). 29. Quercus vestita Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson, 3: 236. 1916; (except cited specimens); Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 60. 1940.— Q. velutina Lindl. ex Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 41, t. 150. 1831 (non Wall. Cat. 2768); Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm. 2: 487. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 606. 1888; Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 202. 1916; Brandis, Indian Trees: 628. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 953. 1930.— Cyclobalanopsis velutina (Lindl.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866. <strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Loei. Distribution.— India, Myanma (type), Laos. Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest and lower montane forest, in open galleries, on sandstone and granite bedrock, alt. 500–1750 m (usually 900–1300 m). Flowering Feb.– Dec. (usually Nov.–Dec.), fruiting Feb.–Aug. Vernacular.— Ko aep (°àÕ·Õ∫), ko muak (°àÕÀ¡«°) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn). 4. TRIGONOBALANUS Forman, Taxon 11: 140. 1962; Forman, Kew Bull. 17: 387. 1964; Forman, Kew Bull. 21: 331. 1967; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 398. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 115. 2000.— Formanodendron Nixon & Crepet, Amer. J. Bot. 46: 840. 1989. Evergreen tree. Branchlets initially densely fulvous adpressed-pubescent. Terminal buds ovoid, scales imbricate. Stipules extra- or interpetiolar, caducous. Leaves spirally arranged, entire. Inflorescences separate male and female or female below and male on <strong>the</strong> upper part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same suberect spiklets, occasionally mixed. Male inflorescences simple or branched in <strong>the</strong> axil or upper leaf-scars or subterminal. Female androgynous or mixed inflorescences a simple, erect catkin, axillary. Male flowers usually in clusters <strong>of</strong> three or more, with one or more bracts; perianth campanulate, 6-lobed, free or minutely connate near base. Stamens 6, an<strong>the</strong>rs glabrous, basifixed, a cluster <strong>of</strong> minute erect hairs present instead <strong>of</strong> rudimentary ovary. Female flowers in clusters <strong>of</strong> 3 or more, bracts as male; perianth campanulate, with 6 imbricate lobes, <strong>the</strong> lower parts adnate to <strong>the</strong> ovary. Staminodes 6. Style 3 recurved or connate near base, stigma capitate. Cupule set in an irregularly saucershaped support, normally with 1–3 nuts. Fruits strongly longitudinally trigonous; scar present, visible. A genus <strong>of</strong> 3 species, scattered in South and Sou<strong>the</strong>ast Asia and South America. Among <strong>the</strong>se one species indigenous to <strong>Thailand</strong>. Trigonobalanus doichangensis (A.Camus) Forman, Kew Bull. 17: 387. 1964.— Quercus doichangensis A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 80: 355. 1933; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 77. 1940.— Formanodendron doichangensis (A.Camus) Nixon & Crepet, Crepet, Amer. J.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 155 Bot. 76: 840. 1989; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 370. 1999. <strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son. Distribution.— China (Yunnan). Ecology.— Rare along ridges in lower montane forest, alt. 900–1600 m. Flowering and fruiting Dec.–Feb. Vernacular.— Ko doichang (°àÕ¥Õ¬â“ß), ko samliam (°àÕ “¡‡À≈’ ˬ¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn). Note.— This species is rare and endangered. Both seed dispersal and seedling establishment are rare events; <strong>the</strong> acorns are readily damaged by fungi and insects.