130 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34 xylocarpa (Kurz) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 30: 190. 1916.— Pasania capusii Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 404. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 5: 995.1930. Fig 38. <strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai. Distribution.— China, Myanma (type), India, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forests, alt. 1400–2400 m. Flowering and fruiting Oct.–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko satit (°àÕ ∑‘µ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn). 3. QUERCUS* L., Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 413. 1754; A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 2. 1864; Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 3: 407. 1880; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 600. 1888; Prantl in H.G.A.Engl. & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflazenfam. 3(1): 55. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 19. 1889; A.Camus, Chänes, Texte 1: 7. 1938; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 329. 1942; Hutchinson, Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 13. 1967; Soepadmo, Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: 355. 1968; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 385. 1972.— Cyclobalanopsis Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 77. 1866; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 380. 1999. Deciduous or evergreen trees rarely shrubs. Branchlets initially densely tomentose or brownish, stiff, pubescent, glabrescent. Terminal buds usually ovoid, conical or ellipsoid, usually densely crowded. Stipules extrapetiolar, caducous. Leaves spirally arranged or rarely pseudo-whorled, serrate, dentate or lobed, rarely entire, very variable in form and size even within <strong>the</strong> species, glabrous to densely pubescent or tomentose. Inflorescences with male and female flowers separate on same branch. Male inflorescences solitary or in paniculate clusters <strong>of</strong> pendulous catkins, in upper leaf scars or subterminal below new shoots. Female inflorescences erect, solitary spikes, axillary. Male flowers solitary or in clusters <strong>of</strong> 3–4; perianth scarious, 4–6 lobed, <strong>the</strong> lobes connate at base, densely tomentose. Stamens (4–)6, an<strong>the</strong>r basifixed, dehiscing with a longitudinal slit, usually hairy. Rudimentary ovary always absent. Female flowers always solitary, perianth (4–)6 lobed, staminodes absent or 5–7. Styles 3(–6), cylindrical, more or less recurved, free or connate at base; stigmas broadly capitate, glabrous. Ovary cells as many as styles. Cupule cup or saucershaped, obconic or obovoid-globose, lamellate, hairy on both sides, lamellae imbricate or ring-like and in 5–12 lines. Fruit ovoid, globose or turbinate, nut partly or nearly completely enclosed by a cupule from which it is free; scar present and noticeable. A genus <strong>of</strong> about 600 species widely distributed through North & South America, North Africa and Europe into <strong>the</strong> Asian tropics and subtropics. Twenty-nine species are indigenous to <strong>Thailand</strong>. * with T. Boonthavikoon & P. Phonsena, The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok 10900, <strong>Thailand</strong>.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 131 Figure 38. Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr.: A. twig & buds, A-1 a form <strong>of</strong> leaf; B. infructescence, B-1 nut ( Smitinand et al. 8340).