CRAPHIS ScnIPTA - Universitetet i Oslo

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)
Lobaria nivalis Hoffm., Deutschl. Flora, 1796:
L43. - Platysma nivale Frege, Deutsch. Botan.
Taschenbuch, 2. Theil, t8L2: l6L. - Parmeli"a
nivalis Sprgl., Syst. Veget., vol. III, 1831 :525. -
Allocetraria nivalis (L.) Randl. et Saag,
Mycotaron 44, L992: 492.
Lichen candidus Lam., Flore Franc. ed.2,
vol. I, 1788: 81.
Thallus erect foliose, 5-8 cm high, lobes up to
7 mm broad, rather flat, lower surface pale
yellow, foveolate, upper surface yellow, usually
smooth and glossy, pseudocyphellae absent,
marginal projections absent; upper cortex 20-
30 pm thick, paraplectenchymatous, consisting
of usually small, pachydermatous, thick-walled
cells with small lumina, lower cortex 20-30 pm
thick composed of the same type of cells.
Apothecia rare, marginal, at lobe ends, diameter
3-8 ffiffi, disc brown; asci 30-40 x 8-10
Itffi, spores ellipsoidal 5-6 x 3-4 Ffr, arial
body c. 0.3 pm broad, tholus with an amyloid
ring structure; paraphyses 40-50 x L pm; pycnidia
black, marginal, 50-70 x 50-70 Fffi,
without cortical tissue beneath the pycnidium,
conidia slightly bifusiform, c. 6 x I pm.Usnic
acid present in the cortical layer. No medullary
compounds detected.
Apart from some structural differences in
the thallus in addition to differences in secondary
compounds Cetraia nivalrs and C. cucullata
presumably represent closely associated
talra based upon characters in the asci and
conidiomata. The significance of these characters
will be discussed in a forthcoming paper
by Kiirnfelt et al. (1993). Both species in addition
seem to occur in the same habitats within
arctic-boreal areas mainly in the northern
hemisphere (Hasselrot L953, Hillmann L936,
Rassadina 1950, Thomson 1984). Both species,
however, also occur in scattered areas in cold
temperate regions in the Andes (Hasselrot
1953) and there are also a few records from
southernmost South America. During studies
of herbarium material from the Farlow Herbarium,
however, one collection from New
Guinea (Mt Wilhelm, 1938, Brass & Myer-
Dress) seemed to belong to C. nivalis. The
Notes on the cetrarioid lichens 47
specimen is unusually luuriant with rather
broad and strongly yellowish lobes with several
well developed apothecia. After anatomical
investigations of asci, conidia and thallus
structures in addition to secondary chemistry
there is, however, no doubt that this specimen
actually belong to C. nivalis. There are no
indication of a known distribution of C. nivalis
from this part of the world earlier (Streimann
1986) and it is reported as new for New
Guinea. Both C. nivalis and C. cucullata are
not known from the Australasian region
including New kaland (Filson & Rogers
L979, Galloway L985, Weber & Wetmore
re72).
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Per I-assen for help
with the latin diagnosis and for general comments
on the text. Financial support for this
study has been granted by Anna and Svante
Murbiicks fond.
References
Filson, R. & Rogers, R. 'W. L979: Lichens of
South Australia. Adelaide.
Galloway, D. 1985: Flora of New Zealand Lichens.
New Zealand Government Printer,
Wellington.
Hasselrot, T. E. 1953: Nordliga lavar i Sydoch
Mellansverige. Acta Phytogeogr. Suec.
33.
Hillmann, J. L936: Parmeliaceae. Rabenhorst
IOypt.-Fl. Deutschl. Osten. Schweiz, ed. 2,
IX, 5(3).L-eipzig.
Ktirnefelt, I. 1979: The brown fruticose species
of Cetraria. Opera Bot. 46: I-150.
Kdrnefelt, f., Mattsson, J.-E. & Thell, A.
1992: Evolution and phylogeny of cetrarioid
lichens. PL Syst. Evol. In press.
Kiirnefelt, I., Mattsson, J.-E. & Thell, A.
t993: The lichen genera Arctocetraria,
Cetraria and Cetrariella (Parmeliaceae)
and their presumed evolutionary affinities.
Bryologisf. In press.