2 Why We Need Model-Based Testing

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Appendices 319 decrementing action weight. In a certain kind of strategy, a number associated with an action that determines its probability of selection. The weight is initially assigned to some value and decremented each time the action is executed. De Morgan’s Law. Describes how to negate expressions involving and and or: !(p && q) == !p || !q. defect. Incorrect code or missing code that can cause a failure. Also called a fault or a bug. delegate. In C#, a type whose instances are methods. In an asynchronous stepper, the observer is assigned to a delegate. dependent feature.Afeature with no state variables of its own. Dependent features are often used for scenario control. derived state. Methods or properties that query the state but do not change it. design. A description of how a system or program is built up from parts and how the parts communicate. Contrast to specification. deterministic.Areactive system where if an observable action happens in a certain state, then the same observable action will happen again when the same state is visited. This fact can be used by an adaptive strategy. difference. Aset that contains the elements of a set that are not found in a second set. Or, the operation on two sets that returns their difference. directed graph. Agraph where each link has a direction. An FSM can be represented by a directed graph where the nodes represent states and the links represent transitions, and each link is directed from the current state to the next state. disabled. Notenabled. disjunction. An expression that contains the or operator, || in C#. Contrast to conjunction. distributed system. A system with more than one computer. A distributed system is also a concurrent system. domain. A set from which the values for a parameter of an action are drawn during exploration. In order to be explorable, each parameter for every action in a model program must have a finite domain. dynamic function. A key/value relationship that evolves during the run of a system. A dynamic function can be represented by a map. edge. Link. enabled. Anaction is enabled when it can occur, when it is allowed to be invoked, when its enabling condition is true. more free ebooks download links at: http://www.ebook-x.com
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridg
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vi Contents 2.7 Some simple scenari
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viii Contents 8.5 Limitations of of
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x Contents V Appendices A Modeling
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xii Preface specification, or appli
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xiv Preface one of the main purpose
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xvi Acknowledgments as evolving alg
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4 Describe, Analyze, Test We also t
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6 Describe, Analyze, Test do behave
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8 Describe, Analyze, Test To use ct
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10 Describe, Analyze, Test Concept
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12 Describe, Analyze, Test testing
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14 Why We Need Model-Based Testing
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32 3 Why We Need Model-Based Analys
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34 Why We Need Model-Based Analysis
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54 Further Reading The standard ref
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58 Model Programs system comprising
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60 Model Programs Figure 5.2. Newsr
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62 Model Programs reasonable work a
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64 Model Programs 5.3.6 Select the
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66 Model Programs } } static bool S
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68 Model Programs Parameters and lo
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70 Model Programs [Test] [Category(
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72 Model Programs that the sequence
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74 Model Programs ServerSend(212.0)
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76 Model Programs using NModel; usi
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78 Model Programs // ... continued
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80 Model Programs } } // ... contin
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82 Model Programs the set of argume
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84 Model Programs Timeout(); Poll()
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86 Model Programs using System; //
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88 Model Programs // ... Reactive s
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90 Model Programs // ... Reactive s
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92 Model Programs } } // ... Reacti
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94 6 Exploring and Analyzing Finite
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96 Exploring and Analyzing Finite M
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98 Exploring and Analyzing Finite M
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100 Exploring and Analyzing Finite
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116 Structuring Model Programs with
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138 Testing Closed Systems Instead
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140 Testing Closed Systems 0 1 2 3
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142 Testing Closed Systems the mode
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144 Testing Closed Systems } } } }
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146 Testing Closed Systems Compile
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148 Testing Closed Systems B() A()
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150 9 Further Reading There are man
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156 Modeling Systems with Structure
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184 Analyzing Systems with Complex
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192 Testing Systems with Complex St
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220 Further Reading (Beizer, 1995).
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224 Compositional Modeling 1. First
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226 Compositional Modeling a lot of
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228 Compositional Modeling terms) t
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230 Compositional Modeling FSM(0, A
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232 Compositional Modeling and it i
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234 Compositional Modeling FSM(0, A
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236 Compositional Modeling namespac
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238 Compositional Modeling 14.2.6 C
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5 ReqWork(2, 2) 3 0 1 6 7 ReqSetup(
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242 Compositional Modeling placehol
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244 Compositional Modeling It is cl
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246 Compositional Modeling For para
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248 Modeling Objects static class C
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250 Modeling Objects namespace Payr
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252 Modeling Objects } } void SetSa
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254 Modeling Objects 0 CreateEmploy
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256 Modeling Objects The most impor
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258 Modeling Objects What effect wi
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260 Reactive Systems what part of i
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262 Reactive Systems namespace BagM
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264 Reactive Systems 16.3 Asynchron
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266 Reactive Systems namespace SPIm
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268 Reactive Systems refers to the
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270 Reactive Systems tester actions
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272 Reactive Systems 16.5.3 Passive
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274 Reactive Systems The stepper co
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276 Further Reading An approach of
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282 Modeling Library Reference name
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284 Modeling Library Reference and
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286 Modeling Library Reference “D
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288 Modeling Library Reference [Act
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290 Modeling Library Reference If t
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292 Modeling Library Reference Requ
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Page 634: 300 Modeling Library Reference Last
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Page 646: 306 Modeling Library Reference Cons
Page 650: B Command Reference This appendix d
Page 654: 310 Command Reference [/stateShape:
Page 658: 312 Command Reference B.3 Conforman
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Page 666: 316 Glossary action. The smallest u
Page 670: 318 Glossary compound value. An NMo
Page 676: Appendices 321 finitize. To write a
Page 680: Appendices 323 IUT. Implementation
Page 684: Appendices 325 oracle. The authorit
Page 688: Appendices 327 sandbox. Atest harne
Page 692: Appendices 329 stopping rule. A rul
Page 696: Appendices 331 wait action.Anintern
Page 700: Bibliography J.-R. Abrial. The B Bo
Page 704: Bibliography 335 E. M. Clarke, O. G
Page 708: Bibliography 337 D. Lee and M. Yann
Page 712: Bibliography 339 J. Woodcock and M.
Page 716: Index a priori testing. See offline
Page 720: Index 343 Common Language Infrastru
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Index 345 IOCO theory, 277 isomorph
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Index 347 safety requirement, 34, 1
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Index 349 unshared action, 123-124,
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