2 Why We Need Model-Based Testing

324 Glossary
model checking. An analysis technique similar to exploration that usually checks a
property expressed as a formula in temporal logic.
model program. A program that describes the behavior of another program, system,
or component called the implementation. A model program can act as a specification
or a design. We distinguish contract model programs from scenario model programs.
model-based analysis. Using a model program to debug and improve specifications
and designs. Simuluation, exploration, and composition are model-based analysis
techniques. They can be used for safety analysis or liveness analysis.
model-based testing. Using a model program to generate test cases or act as an
oracle. Model-based testing includes both offline testing and on-the-fly testing.
multiplexing. A technique that produces a single sequence of events generated by
multiple agents in a concurrent system. Multiplexing must consider partial order.
multiplicity. The number of times an element appears in a collection, particularly a
bag.
multiset. Bag.
namespace. In C#, a name applied to a group of type declarations. The namespace
identifies the group and is prefixed to the simple names within the group to form
fully qualified names.
next state. The state after a transition. Also called the target state or end state.
node. One of the elements in a graph that are connected by links. InanFSM, the
nodes represent states.
nondeterminism. Unpredictability. Nondeterminism occurs where there is more
than one alternative, and it is not possible to predict which alternative will be taken.
object-oriented modeling. Using instance variables as state variables.
observer. Inamodel program, aprobe. Inanasynchronous stepper, a callback
function that enters observable actions into an observation queue.
observable action. Anaction that cannot be invoked by a test harness; it can only
be awaited and observed. A system that has observable actions is a reactive system.
Contrast to controllable action.
observation queue. A queue of observable actions that are observed during a test
run that is managed by an asynchronuous stepper.
offline testing. Testing where test suites are generated before running the tests.
Contrast to on-the-fly testing.
on-the-fly testing. Testing where each test case is generated while the test run
executes. Contrast to offline testing.
online testing. On-the-fly testing.
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