2 Why We Need Model-Based Testing

330 Glossary
time-out action. Anobservable action that occurs after a wait action if the observation
queue is empty. A time-out action is usually considered a conformance
failure.
trace. A description of a run.
transition. The effect of executing an action. A transition is uniquely identified
by the action, the current state before the transition, and the next state after the
transition.
transition coverage. A measure of behavioral coverage that measures the number
of transitions that have been executed. The postman tour achieves full transition
coverage of a given FSM. Contrast to path coverage.
traversal. Arun produced by tracing a path through the transitions of an FSM.
triple. A data record with three elements in order. The triple data type in the NModel
library is a value type.
true FSM. The FSM that describes all of the runs of a model program. The FSM
that is generated from a model program by exhaustive exploration. It is not feasible
to generate the true FSM of a “infinite” model program; we can only generate an
approximation instead. Contrast to scenario FSM.
union. Aset that contains all the elements of two other sets. Or, the operation on
two sets that returns their union.
unit. The smallest amount of software which is reasonable to test. In C#, the units
are usually classes (or other types).
unit testing. Testing that executes some (perhaps just one) of the units from which
a program is constructed. Contrast to system testing.
update. Anassignment, or several.
update rule. Action method.
unsafe state.Astate that violates an invariant.
unwind. To generate a less compact but possibly more useful representation from a
more compact one. For example, to explore a model program to generate an FSM,
or to traverse an FSM to generate a test suite.
validate. To show that a specification or model program expresses the intended
behaviors.
value array. A data type in the NModel library which is similar to a C# array, but
is immutable and uses structural equality. Value array is a compound value.
value type. A data type that uses structural equality and is immutable. The data types
in the NModel library are value types because value types are needed to compare
states.
vertex. (plural vertices) Node.
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