Muscarinic M1, M3, Nicotinic,GABAA and GABAB Receptor ...

translocation onto the mitochondrial membrane therefore becomes one of the
important indicators for the onset of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
In the present study, we examined whether gene expression of pro-
apoptotic Bax is altered or affected by hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Results
showed that diabetes induced up regulation in bax protein expression in cerebral
cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, corpus striatum, hippocampus and pancreas.
Hypoglycemia further up regulated the increased mRNA expression due to
diabetes. During diabetic condition, the lack of insulin activity results in failure of
transfer of glucose from the plasma into the cells and the situation so called
“starvation in the midst of plenty” causes glucose deprivation. Whereas
hypoglycemia, starve the cell since there is deprivation of glucose. Up regulation
of Bax mRNA and protein has been reported for CA1 neurons after global brain
ischemia in rat (Chen et al., 1996; Campagne et al., 1998) and is associated with
DNA damage (Miyashita & Reed, 1995; Levine et al., 1997). Thus, in both hypo
and hyperglycemia, the cells are starved which is suggested to up regulate the pro
- apoptotic protein, Bax expression.
PHOSPHOLIPASE C EXPRESSION IN BRAIN AND PANCREAS OF
EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Phospholipase C mediates transduction of neurotransmitter signals across
membranes via hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, leading to
generation of second messengers inositol- 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol.
In the CNS, neurotransmitter receptor coupling to phospholipase C (PLC) has
been extensively documented in [ 3 H] inositol-labeled tissue slices and
synaptosomes obtained from animal brains (Fisher & Agranoff, 1987; Stephens &
Logan, 1989; Chandler & Crews, 1990). Phospolipase C performs a catalytic
mechanism, generating inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
We have therefore conducted studies on gene expression analysis of
second messenger enzyme; phospholipase C in brain regions and pancreas of
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