Occupation and cancer - European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)

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Acta Oncol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 212.35.100.66 on 04/06/11 For personal use only. Table 69. Observed number of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among women in the Nordic countries and standardised incidence ratios 1961 2005, by country and occupational category. Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Total No Occupational category Obs SIR Obs SIR Obs SIR Obs SIR Obs SIR Obs SIR 95% CI 1 Technical workers, etc 22 1.24 57 1.12 [0.57] 0.00 11 1.08 62 0.81 152 0.98 0.83*1.15 2 Laboratory assistants 20 1.54 26 0.92 5 6.19 10 0.83 27 1.24 88 1.16 0.93*1.43 3 Physicians 7 1.18 12 0.96 1 7.18 7 1.47 21 1.19 48 1.17 0.86*1.56 4 Dentists 5 0.95 19 1.46 [0.05] 0.00 3 0.79 14 1.04 41 1.15 0.83*1.57 5 Nurses 106 1.02 149 1.04 4 1.08 97 1.00 246 1.07 602 1.04 0.96*1.13 6 Assistant nurses 67 0.89 149 1.03 6 1.13 100 1.02 449 1.12 771 1.06 0.99*1.14 7 ‘‘Other health workers’’ 70 1.17 124 1.08 [1.11] 0.00 87 0.94 140 1.03 421 1.04 0.95*1.15 8 Teachers 124 0.94 259 1.00 7 1.06 184 1.06 505 0.98 1 079 0.99 0.94*1.05 9 Religious workers etc 24 1.35 150 1.14 1 1.01 46 1.04 162 0.95 383 1.05 0.95*1.16 10 Artistic workers 9 0.98 17 0.80 1 1.29 12 0.94 35 1.06 74 0.96 0.76*1.21 11 Journalists 2 1.02 9 0.66 [0.19] 0.00 4 1.11 19 1.24 34 0.98 0.68*1.37 12 Administrators 58 1.07 43 0.94 2 3.27 32 0.78 59 0.79 194 0.90 0.78*1.03 13 Clerical workers 563 1.05 902 1.06 25 1.24 564 1.03 1 269 1.00 3 323 1.03 1.00*1.07 14 Sales agents 5 1.03 126 1.03 1 0.48 89 1.35 183 1.04 404 1.09 0.99*1.20 15 Shop workers 349 0.96 431 0.96 5 0.39 449 1.01 800 1.03 2 034 1.00 0.95*1.04 16 Farmers 202 0.79 269 1.00 8 0.88 271 0.97 63 0.92 813 0.92 0.86*0.99 17 Gardeners 32 0.97 763 0.97 2 6.41 151 0.88 204 1.02 1 152 0.97 0.91*1.02 18 Fishermen [1.30] 0.00 3 1.71 [0.33] 0.00 4 1.67 [0.66] 0.00 7 1.09 0.44*2.24 19 Forestry workers [0.34] 0.00 4 1.16 [0.04] 0.00 5 1.44 4 0.91 13 1.11 0.59*1.90 20 Miners and quarry workers [0.02] 0.00 [1.40] 0.00 [0.01] 0.00 [0.19] 0.00 1 0.94 1 0.37 0.01*2.07 21 Seamen [0.42] 0.00 [0.00] 0.00 [0.55] 0.00 [0.13] 0.00 [1.10] 0.00 0.00*3.35 22 Transport workers [0.36] 0.00 21 0.97 1 3.04 5 1.95 14 1.13 41 1.10 0.79*1.49 23 Drivers 8 0.88 11 1.05 [0.15] 0.00 6 0.65 39 1.27 64 1.07 0.82*1.37 24 Postal workers 21 1.10 109 0.81 3 0.73 95 0.93 200 0.91 428 0.89 0.81*0.98 25 Textile workers 114 0.94 284 0.94 8 1.05 147 1.01 428 0.97 981 0.96 0.91*1.03 26 Shoe and leather workers 9 1.01 27 0.73 1 2.45 8 0.75 39 1.15 84 0.92 0.73*1.14 27 Smelting workers 2 0.92 8 0.92 1 58.16 5 3.36 10 1.05 26 1.19 0.78*1.74 28 Mechanics 25 1.17 36 0.91 1 13.62 7 0.50 101 1.07 170 1.00 0.86*1.16 29 Plumbers 1 4.83 [0.10] 0.00 1 8.92 1 7.05 3 5.39 1.11*15.76 30 Welders 2 0.63 [0.01] 0.00 2 1.65 5 1.37 9 1.12 0.51*2.13 31 Electrical workers 38 1.26 36 1.38 [0.06] 0.00 16 1.02 49 0.92 139 1.11 0.94*1.32 32 Wood workers 15 1.50 73 0.96 [0.13] 0.00 6 1.09 16 1.01 110 1.03 0.85*1.24 33 Painters [0.39] 0.00 10 1.11 [0.04] 0.00 1 0.82 3 0.71 14 0.94 0.51*1.58 34 ‘‘Other construction workers’’ 1 3.37 34 1.14 [0.02] 0.00 [0.49] 0.00 [0.54] 0.00 35 1.12 0.78*1.56 35 Bricklayers [0.06] 0.00 2 1.93 [0.03] 0.00 [0.02] 0.00 2 1.75 0.21*6.34 36 Printers 11 0.97 36 0.94 [0.68] 0.00 12 0.92 37 0.94 96 0.93 0.76*1.14 37 Chemical process workers 16 0.90 14 0.72 2 6.97 11 0.93 30 0.96 73 0.91 0.71*1.14 38 Food workers 88 1.01 92 0.91 10 0.63 77 1.03 84 0.91 351 0.95 0.85*1.05 39 Beverage workers 6 0.73 2 0.35 [0.04] 0.00 2 2.71 2 0.35 12 0.59 0.30*1.03 40 Tobacco workers 16 1.42 3 0.93 [2.28] 0.00 4 1.08 23 1.12 0.71*1.68 41 Glass makers etc 22 1.03 79 1.10 [0.43] 0.00 27 1.04 87 1.04 215 1.06 0.93*1.21 42 Packers 4 0.65 142 1.12 1 0.65 60 0.97 132 1.06 339 1.06 0.95*1.18 43 Engine operators [0.18] 0.00 17 0.83 [0.02] 0.00 [1.02] 0.00 8 0.98 25 0.84 0.54*1.23 44 Public safety workers [0.68] 0.00 6 1.21 [0.31] 0.00 8 1.00 17 1.63 31 1.27 0.86*1.80 45 Cooks and stewards [0.23] 0.00 123 0.86 7 1.20 80 1.00 169 0.95 379 0.93 0.84*1.03 46 Domestic assistants 157 1.15 131 0.85 1 0.60 223 1.04 447 0.94 959 0.98 0.92*1.04 47 Waiters 32 1.39 122 1.01 [0.68] 0.00 86 0.91 166 0.89 406 0.95 0.86*1.05 48 Building caretakers 404 1.03 481 0.99 12 1.03 431 1.04 506 1.05 1 834 1.03 0.98*1.07 49 Chimney sweeps [0.04] 0.00 1 4.24 [0.06] 0.00 [0.01] 0.00 1 2.88 0.07*16.04 50 Hairdressers 32 1.34 47 1.02 [0.72] 0.00 23 0.94 73 0.90 175 0.99 0.86*1.15 51 Launderers 47 1.06 43 1.12 4 2.16 31 0.95 85 0.88 210 0.98 0.86*1.13 52 Military personnel [0.23] 0.00 [0.50] 0.00 [0.14] 0.00 1 3.05 1 0.83 0.02*4.65 53 ‘‘Other workers’’ 108 0.97 158 1.04 11 0.91 201 0.93 231 1.06 709 1.00 0.93*1.08 54 Economically inactive 2 937 0.99 3 206 1.01 43 1.03 2 208 1.00 9 786 1.00 18 180 1.00 0.98*1.01 1 54 All categories 5 779 1.00 8 868 1.00 174 1.00 5 905 1.00 17 033 1.00 37 759 1.00 Ref. Obs observed number of cases; SIR standardised incidence ratio; 95% CI 95% confidence interval. Occupation and cancer in Nordic countries 751
Acta Oncol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 212.35.100.66 on 04/06/11 For personal use only. 752 E. Pukkala et al. / 100 000 5 4 3 2 1 0 Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Men 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 Hodgkin lymphoma The incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma in the Nordic countries is slightly higher in males than in females, and rates have been rather stable over time (Figure 46). Male bricklayers had the highest risk of Hodgkin lymphoma, SIR 1.33 (95% CI 1.04 1.68; Table 70), while electrical workers represent the group with a significant decreased risk (0.83, 0.71 0.98). Among women (Table 71), the only findings worth mentioning are the borderline significant excess risk among farmers (1.21, CI 1.00 1.45) and the decreased risk among drivers (0.14, 0.00 0.80). Comment. Epstein Barr virus, immunodeficiency conditions and infectious mononucleosis have been implicated in the aetiology of Hodgkin lymphoma [138]. Occupational studies have suggested that occupations related to woodworking industries and / 100 000 5 4 3 2 1 0 Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Women 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 Figure 46. Age standardised (World) incidence rates for Hodgkin lymphoma 1943 2005, by country and gender. Modified from NORDCAN [49]. / 100 000 5 4 3 2 1 0 Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Men 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 / 100 000 certain chemical exposures are related to risk [139]. We found no clear evidence of variation in risk according to occupation. Multiple myeloma For multiple myeloma, incidence rates are rather similar between genders and in all Nordic countries (Figure 47). There was an increase in rates until the late 1980s, which then levelled off or even turned into a decrease, especially in Finland. The variation between occupational categories in the incidence of multiple myeloma was small (Tables 72, 73). A weak increase in the risk of multiple myeloma was observed among male farmers, SIR 1.07 (95% CI 1.03 1.11) and a lowered risk among male printers (0.80, 0.68 0.95). Female farmers also had a somewhat increased risk (1.14, 1.05 1.24), while no occupation showed a decreased risk among women. 5 4 3 2 1 0 Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Women 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 Figure 47. Age standardised (World) incidence rates for multiple myeloma 1943 2005, by country and gender. Modified from NORDCAN [49].
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