Occupation and cancer - European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)

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Acta Oncol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 212.35.100.66 on 04/06/11 For personal use only. Table 39. Observed number of breast cancer among men in the Nordic countries and standardised incidence ratios 1961 2005, by country and occupational category. Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Total No Occupational category Obs SIR Obs SIR Obs SIR Obs SIR Obs SIR Obs SIR 95% CI 1 Technical workers, etc 32 1.01 24 1.30 2 3.15 10 0.68 103 1.05 171 1.04 0.90*1.21 2 Laboratory assistants [0.62] 0.00 [0.47] 0.00 [0.12] 0.00 1 1.42 [0.46] 0.00 1 0.42 0.01*2.34 3 Physicians 4 1.50 1 0.92 1 3.90 1 0.51 4 0.89 11 1.05 0.52*1.88 4 Dentists [0.76] 0.00 [0.23] 0.00 [0.06] 0.00 3 3.45 2 0.89 5 1.20 0.39*2.80 5 Nurses [0.04] 0.00 [0.07] 0.00 [0.00] 0.00 1 12.43 [0.25] 0.00 1 2.29 0.06*12.75 6 Assistant nurses 1 1.34 [0.06] 0.00 [0.03] 0.00 [0.33] 0.00 1 0.63 2 0.73 0.09*2.63 7 ‘‘Other health workers’’ 3 1.34 1 1.00 [0.07] 0.00 1 1.34 6 1.58 11 1.40 0.70*2.50 8 Teachers 11 0.79 9 1.18 [0.93] 0.00 13 1.19 34 1.33 67 1.14 0.88*1.44 9 Religious workers etc 3 0.50 6 1.41 [0.60] 0.00 6 1.07 17 0.86 32 0.89 0.61*1.25 10 Artistic workers 4 2.22 3 2.05 [0.16] 0.00 6 3.68 5 0.83 18 1.63 0.97*2.57 11 Journalists 1 1.18 [0.70] 0.00 [0.09] 0.00 1 1.41 12 4.28 14 2.72 1.49*4.56 12 Administrators 36 1.00 15 1.35 [1.47] 0.00 15 0.76 51 1.33 117 1.10 0.91*1.31 13 Clerical workers 16 1.04 11 1.53 2 1.19 20 1.36 49 1.19 98 1.22 0.99*1.49 14 Sales agents 9 1.12 18 1.71 1 1.18 12 0.70 60 1.01 100 1.04 0.86*1.27 15 Shop workers 41 1.15 4 0.86 [0.61] 0.00 4 0.61 17 0.90 66 0.99 0.77*1.26 16 Farmers 58 0.81 29 0.63 4 1.63 50 1.01 86 0.82 227 0.83 0.72*0.94 17 Gardeners 9 0.90 7 0.99 [0.08] 0.00 9 0.76 39 1.02 64 0.95 0.73*1.22 18 Fishermen 4 1.26 1 1.61 1 0.66 14 0.92 5 1.23 25 1.02 0.66*1.50 19 Forestry workers 2 1.37 4 0.49 [0.01] 0.00 7 0.78 17 0.62 30 0.65 0.44*0.93 20 Miners and quarry workers 2 4.66 1 0.76 [0.03] 0.00 6 2.46 8 1.19 17 1.55 0.90*2.49 21 Seamen 4 1.20 2 1.11 [0.41] 0.00 10 0.83 7 1.18 23 0.98 0.62*1.46 22 Transport workers 6 0.78 6 1.19 [0.78] 0.00 7 1.06 21 1.05 40 1.00 0.71*1.36 23 Drivers 14 0.58 7 0.41 [1.17] 0.00 13 0.74 56 1.15 90 0.83 0.66*1.02 24 Postal workers 2 0.42 1 0.39 [0.14] 0.00 5 1.46 11 1.01 19 0.87 0.52*1.36 25 Textile workers 2 0.46 2 1.19 1 4.04 5 1.32 10 0.82 20 0.90 0.55*1.39 26 Shoe and leather workers 1 0.92 [0.72] 0.00 [0.05] 0.00 1 0.63 5 1.02 7 0.84 0.34*1.73 27 Smelting workers 11 1.16 1 0.39 2 5.74 4 0.79 16 0.84 34 0.93 0.64*1.30 28 Mechanics 31 1.20 18 1.05 [1.16] 0.00 25 1.03 84 0.94 158 1.00 0.86*1.17 29 Plumbers 1 0.44 1 0.34 [0.18] 0.00 2 0.72 8 0.78 12 0.65 0.34*1.14 30 Welders 5 1.72 [0.07] 0.00 3 0.96 13 1.13 21 1.19 0.74*1.82 31 Electrical workers 13 2.17 3 0.40 [0.69] 0.00 15 1.39 20 0.66 51 0.92 0.68*1.21 32 Wood workers 14 0.77 13 0.76 [0.65] 0.00 23 0.80 59 0.97 109 0.87 0.72*1.05 33 Painters 7 1.20 3 0.80 [0.26] 0.00 8 1.68 19 1.10 37 1.16 0.82*1.60 34 ‘‘Other construction workers’’ 18 0.79 13 1.18 1 0.77 5 0.89 22 0.68 59 0.81 0.61*1.04 35 Bricklayers 6 0.92 2 1.13 1 0.35 9 1.15 18 0.95 0.56*1.50 36 Printers 7 1.71 2 1.09 1 4.61 4 1.41 20 2.14 34 1.86 1.28*2.59 37 Chemical process workers 8 2.08 6 2.08 [0.12] 0.00 9 1.42 14 0.96 37 1.33 0.94*1.84 38 Food workers 13 1.04 3 1.43 [0.99] 0.00 2 0.28 16 1.09 34 0.91 0.63*1.27 39 Beverage workers 2 1.37 [0.13] 0.00 [0.02] 0.00 1 12.82 [0.84] 0.00 3 1.19 0.24*3.47 40 Tobacco workers [0.25] 0.00 [0.03] 0.00 [0.00] 0.00 [0.11] 0.00 [0.07] 0.00 [0.45] 0.00 0.00*8.16 41 Glass makers etc 7 0.95 2 0.66 1 5.49 5 1.44 7 0.44 22 0.73 0.46*1.11 42 Packers 3 0.46 13 2.14 [0.57] 0.00 8 0.74 27 0.93 51 0.96 0.72*1.27 43 Engine operators 3 0.45 7 0.81 2 2.55 4 0.66 13 0.54 29 0.63 0.42*0.90 44 Public safety workers 8 1.28 4 0.83 2 3.54 10 2.13 18 1.28 42 1.38 0.99*1.86 45 Cooks and stewards 2 4.35 1 3.10 1 3.76 6 2.97 1 0.40 11 1.97 0.98*3.52 46 Domestic assistants [0.01] 0.00 [0.02] 0.00 [0.00] 0.00 [0.02] 0.00 [0.22] 0.00 [0.27] 0.00 0.00*13.86 47 Waiters 1 1.07 [0.32] 0.00 [0.03] 0.00 4 4.59 1 0.78 6 1.74 0.64*3.79 48 Building caretakers 13 1.97 7 1.78 [0.24] 0.00 1 0.42 18 1.58 39 1.59 1.13*2.17 49 Chimney sweeps [0.17] 0.00 [0.28] 0.00 [0.24] 0.00 1 1.25 1 0.67 0.02*3.74 50 Hairdressers 2 1.06 [0.09] 0.00 [0.04] 0.00 2 2.95 3 1.05 7 1.26 0.51*2.60 51 Launderers [0.95] 0.00 [0.09] 0.00 [0.02] 0.00 [0.41] 0.00 3 1.47 3 0.86 0.18*2.50 52 Military personnel 4 1.24 2 1.16 4 1.05 7 0.85 17 1.00 0.58*1.60 53 ‘‘Other workers’’ 26 1.33 7 1.50 2 0.91 23 1.11 26 0.74 84 1.02 0.81*1.26 54 Economically inactive 21 1.18 29 1.16 3 1.84 12 1.06 76 1.40 141 1.28 1.09*1.51 1 54 All categories 486 1.00 294 1.00 27 1.00 402 1.00 1 127 1.00 2 336 1.00 Ref. Obs observed number of cases; SIR standardised incidence ratio; 95% CI 95% confidence interval. Occupation and cancer in Nordic countries 707
Acta Oncol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 212.35.100.66 on 04/06/11 For personal use only. 708 E. Pukkala et al. resses, although these studies did not take HPV infection into account. There is a possibility that participation in the screening programmes varies by occupational category. Corpus uteri endometrial cancer Incidence of cancer of the corpus uteri in the Nordic countries has been increasing steadily during the last decades, and currently SIRs are rather similar in all Nordic countries (Figure 31). Artistic workers (SIR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 1.40), journalists (1.23, 0.99 1.51) and dentists (1.24, 1.00 1.51) had the highest risk of cancer of corpus uteri, while female beverage workers and drivers presented the lowest risk, respectively (0.68, 0.47 0.96 and 0.69 0.56 0.84) (Table 42). Comment. The differences between occupations with low and high risks were very small, and no real patterns emerged in our analysis. Endometrial can- / 100 000 30 25 20 15 10 5 Women Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden 0 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 Figure 30. Age standardised (World) incidence rates for cancer of the cervix uteri 1943 2005, by country. Modified from NORDCAN [49]. / 100 000 10 5 0 Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden cer is clearly associated with obesity and the use of hormone replacement therapy, in particular when estrogens are administered without concomitant use of progestins, or when progestins are not added to estrogens during all days of the month [99,100]. Smoking decreases risk. So far, no occupational or environmental risk factors for endometrial cancer have been identified, and in this sense, it is not at all surprising that we did not find work related associations. Choriocarcinoma There were only 127 cases of choriocarcinoma in all Nordic countries during the entire followup period (http://astra.cancer.fi/NOCCA/Incidence/ choriocarcinoma). No occupations were identified with high or low risk for choriocarcinoma. Many of the observations of choriocarcinoma were done in economically inactive women (54 cases) who presented a weak Women 1945 1960 1975 1990 2005 Figure 31. Age standardised (World) incidence rates for cancer of the corpus uteri 1943 2005, by country. Modified from NORDCAN
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