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Centro Argentino de Estudios Internacionales / Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar
foreign trade by GDP”, are significantly and systematically linked to a series of
indicators of national and social well-being, including income redistribution,
democracy, and sustainable development, irrespective of the development level
achieved.
Today, a truly massive cross-national research literature exists whose results are
often diametrically opposed to one another, with dependency scholars claiming
that dependency has adverse affects on the ‘human condition’ (economic growth,
income equality, human well-being, gender and ecological relationships), while
neo-liberal scholars claiming the opposite. In view of the massive, contradictory
evidence, often based on smaller samples of countries and equally limited
number of indicators, a new approach is taken here, trying to show the effects of
the major available indicators, ranging from dependency to basic elements of the
Washington Consensus, relevant in the literature, available for a sufficient
number of countries (> 120 nations), on the widest number of available
international indicators from standard international sources (above all the UNDP)
from a wide number of UN-Millennium indicators and basic human needs, social
inequality, human rights, gender justice, and/or ecological well-being variables.
We try to do justice to some 240 quantitative studies that are contained in our
bibliography, and try to present in this theoretical overview those determinants
of the “human condition” that are sufficiently available for more than 120 nations
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Arno Tausch, Christian Bischof, Tomz Kastrun, Karl Mueller 115