The Future of Animal Agriculture in North America - Farm Foundation

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Animal Welfare 147 Box 3. Animal Welfare Initiatives of Some Major Food Restaurant Chains Burger King (www.bk.com) Burger King states that it “is committed to the humane treatment of the food animals used for its products. Implementing its new practices and audits is the right thing to do, and the Company is committed to raising animal handling standards across the country.” In June 2001, it adopted the FMI/NCCR auditing program for the care, housing, transport and slaughter of cattle, swine and poultry by suppliers. The company states that it will take appropriate action with suppliers that do not meet its animal handling standards. Currently, the program is implemented for slaughter facilities in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States, representing the regions that provide 90 percent of all products used within the Burger King system. The company states that it is expanding the auditing process into every region in which it operates. It has an Animal Well-being Council to keep it abreast of policies, procedures and best practices. In its most recent animal handling policy statement (2004), the company indicates that its efforts are prioritized to: 1. humane farm animal production practices; 2. humane animal transport practices; and 3. humane slaughter practices. Kentucky Fried Chicken (www.kfc.com) The parent company of KFC states it “is committed to the humane treatment of animals (and) as a major purchaser of food products, (has) the opportunity, and responsibility, to influence the way animals supplied to (it) are treated.” The company has an Animal Welfare Advisory Council to provide information and advice in formulating its animal welfare program, which involves audits of processing facilities. KFC is also implementing farm-level auditing based on standards developed by FMI/NCCR. In terms of required production methods, birds should be free to roam throughout the shelters, beak trimming is not allowed, and suppliers are not permitted to use hormones or steroids. The use of antibiotics to promote the growth of healthy chickens is prohibited where such antibiotics are significant to human health. Compliance with this policy is based on supplier assurance. McDonald’s (www.mcdonalds.com) The company states that it “cares about the humane treatment of animals (and) our responsibility as a purchaser of food products includes working with our suppliers to ensure good animal handling practices.” It has a set of guiding principles for animal welfare that apply to all countries in which the company does business. One of these principles states: “McDonald’s believes treating animals with care and respect is an integral part of an overall quality assurance program that makes good business sense.” The company has an Animal Welfare Council, composed primarily of academics, to help it determine priorities and actions. The core of the company’s program is a global audit system for beef, poultry and pork processing plants. The first audits were conducted in 1999. The company reports it conducted nearly 500 audits worldwide, reaching the majority of the facilities that provide its meat products. Suppliers that failed audits and did not take necessary corrective action were subject to termination as a supplier to McDonald’s. The company supports NCCR/FMI initiatives for farm-level auditing. Wendy’s (www.wendys.com) The company states: “We believe it is our obligation to ensure that each of our suppliers exceeds government regulations by meeting Wendy’s more exacting standards pertaining to the humane treatment of animals.” It has used an auditing program for its Canadian and U.S. suppliers since 1998. Those that do not meet the standards are terminated as suppliers. The requirements for beef, chicken and pork suppliers are published on the company’s Web site. These relate primarily to transportation, holding and handling. For chickens, certain production conditions are specified, for example, a prohibition on forced molting, freedom of movement for flocks of breeder and broiler chickens in poultry houses, and a minimum cage size for laying hens of 72 square inches. The company is also reviewing slaughter methods for chickens, specifically the use of controlled atmosphere stunning.
Pounds per capita per year 148 Animal Welfare Figure 1. Value Frameworks of Three Views of Animal Welfare Source: Based on Fraser et al., 1997. Table 1. Estimated Increases in Production Costs of Farm Welfare Measures for EU Poultry Farm cost increase resulting from: Broilers – reduced stocking density from 38kg/m2 to 30kg/m2 +5% Broilers – slower growth (slaughter weight increase from 40 to 50 days) +5% Eggs – cage size of 600 cm2 +5% Eggs – cage size of 700 cm2 +15% Eggs – free range +50% Source: USDA ERS
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The Future of Animal Agriculture in
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Consumer Demand Working Group Helen
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Foreword Farm Foundation is a catal
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Executive Summary The Future of Ani
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16 growth in the number of Canadian
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18 Consumer Demand The demand for m
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20 Nutrient loading on farmland fro
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Chapter 2 Economics of Production,
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Economics of Production, Processing
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The Future Economics of Production,
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References Economics of Production,
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Chapter 3 Consumer Demand Issues Co
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The consumer food demand pyramid, i
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devote less time and effort to food
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dollar. Many of the retail environm
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economies will increase demand for
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Information Needs Long term, how wi
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Table 1. 2005 Population and Recent
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Figure 3. U.S. Meat Consumption Pou
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Consumer Demand Issues 55 Figure 7.
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Chapter 4 Global Competitiveness an
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tariff-rate quota (TRQ) in place on
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2004 EU enlargement is expected to
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provide guidelines for animal healt
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affordable foods to many developing
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With NAFTA, and indeed before, seve
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competitors. Economic logic, howeve
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Global Competitiveness and Trade 71
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Figure 4. World Beef Consumption So
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Figure 8. World Poultry Meat Produc
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Figure 12. Major Dairy Exporters So
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Global Competitiveness and Trade 79
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82 and medical professions. This in
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84 produced under specific contract
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86 establishing food safety system
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88 In the United States, FDA, under
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90 Policy Options and Implications
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92 A national structure coordinated
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94 Food Safety and Animal Health Pr
Page 104 and 105: Chapter 6 Environmental Issues The
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Page 122 and 123: Chapter 7 Community and Labor Anima
Page 124 and 125: Slow economic growth in recent year
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Page 134 and 135: Community and Labor 127 Flora, C.B.
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Page 140 and 141: Chapter 8 Animal Welfare Animal agr
Page 142 and 143: In 2005, the Canadian Pork Council
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Page 150 and 151: References Animal Welfare 143 Agra
Page 152 and 153: Box 1. Animal Welfare Legislation i
Page 156 and 157: Source: Agra CEAS Consulting Ltd. (
Page 158 and 159: Chapter 9 A Look to the Future Ther
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The Future of Animal Agriculture in North America - Farm Foundation

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