The Future of Animal Agriculture in North America - Farm Foundation

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Information Needs Long term, how will consumers respond to major health problems such as obesity? Many consumers have indicated a willingness to change eating habits to reduce weight, but the efforts have been relatively short-lived. What are the most effective approaches to reining in weight gain? How can longterm gains be made that meet consumers’ preferences for variety, as well as food that is safe, tastes good, is convenient and meets more limited calorie requirements? What are consumers’ sources of information? How will they balance new information and conflicting messages from many References Consumer Demand Issues 49 different sources about complex scientific information? Is there a mechanism to enhance the methods and provision of unbiased information to help the public weigh choices in the market? In an increasingly competitive and global environment, do consumers benefit or lose with consolidation of retailing? Consolidation among food retailers is relatively high in Canada and the United States, and increasing in Mexico. Yet, compared to other non-food industries, concentration is not very high. Can smaller niche markets coexist in the current retail environment and under what conditions? Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. (2005, September). An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food Sector. Available at http://www.agr.gc.ca/cb/apf/pdf/bg_con_overvu_e.pdf. Ballenger, N. and J. Blaylock. (2003). “Consumer Driven Agriculture.” USDA-ERS. Blisard, N., B.-H. Lin, J. Cromartie, and N. Ballenger. (2002). “America’s Changing Appetite: Food Consumption and Spending to 2020.” Food Review, 25(1): 2-9. Bruinsma, J. (ed.) (2003). World agriculture: Towards 2015/2030. An FAO Perspective. London: Earthscan Publications, Ltd. Canadian Restaurant and Food Service Association. Online. Available at http://www.crfa.ca/research/#industry. Christensen, B.J., D. Bailey, L. Hunnicutt, and R. Ward. (2003). “Consumer Preferences for Public and Private Sector Certifications for Beef Products in the United States and the United Kingdom.” International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 6 (3): 19-39. Conference Board of Canada. (2005, Spring). Canada’s Retail Trade Industry: Industrial Outlook. Canada: The Conference Board of Canada. ISSN 1713-7594. Coordinación General de Ganadería SAGARPA (2005). http://www.sagarpa.gob.mx/DesktopServlet. Davis, C.G. and B.-H. Lin. (2005a, May). “Factors Affecting U.S. Pork Consumption.” Outlook Report No. LDPM13001, USDA-ERS. Available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/LDP/may05/ldpm13001/. Davis, C.G. and B.-H. Lin. (2005b, October). “Factors Affecting U.S. Beef Consumption.” Outlook Report No. LDPM13502, USDA-ERS. Available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/LDP/OCT05/ldpm13502/. Davis, D.E. and H. Stewart. (2002). Changing Consumer Demands Create Opportunities for U.S. Food System. USDA-ERS. Dimitri, C., A. Tegene, and P.R. Kaufman. (2003, September). U.S. Fresh Produce Markets: Marketing Channels, Trade Practices, and Retail Pricing Behavior. Agricultural Economic Report No. AER825, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2004). FAOSTAT Food Supply data. Available at http://faostat.fao.org. Food Marketing Institute. (2004). Trends in the United States: Consumer Attitudes and the Supermarket 2004. Washington, D.C.: Food Marketing Institute. Food Marketing Institute. (2005). U.S. Grocery Shopper Trends 2005. Washington, D.C.: Food Marketing Institute.
50 Consumer Demand Issues Hahn, W.F., M. Haley, D. Leuck, J.J. Miller, J. Perry, F. Taha, and S. Zahniser. (2005, May). “Market Integration of the North American Animal Products Complex.” Outlook Report No. LDPM13101, USDA-ERS. Available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/ldp/may05/ldpm13101/. Health Canada. (2005). Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/index_e.html. Industry Canada, Office of Consumer Affairs. (2004). The Consumer Trends Report. Industry Canada Research Paper. Accessed at: http://www.consumer.ic.gc.ca/trends on 2/20/06. Ipsos-Reid. (2004, February). “Consumer Perceptions of Canadian Food Safety and Quality.” Presentation by Ipsos-Reid to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Kaufman, P.R. (2000, August). “Consolidation in Food Retailing: Prospects for Consumers and Grocery Suppliers.” Agricultural Outlook, USDA-ERS. Available at www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/aug2000/ao273g.pdf. Kinsey, J. (2000). “The Changing Global Consumer.” Presented at the 2000 IAMA World Food and Agribusiness Congress. Chicago, IL. Krissoff, B., F. Kuchler, K. Nelson, J. Perry, and A. Somwaru. (2004). Country-of-Origin Labeling: Theory and Observation. USDA-ERS. Leibtag, E. (2005). “Where You Shop Matters: Store Formats Drive Variation in Retail Food Prices.” Amber Waves, November 2005. Available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/AmberWaves/November05/Features/. Lin, B.-H., J.N. Variyam, J. Allshouse, and J.N. Cromartie. (2003, February). “Food and Agricultural Commodity Consumption in the United States: Looking Ahead to 2020.” Agricultural Economic Report No. 820, USDA-ERS. Available at http://www.ers. usda.gov/Publications/aer820/. Loureiro, M.L. and W.J. Umberger. (2005, April). “Assessing Preferences for Country-of-Origin Labeled Products.” Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 37(1), 49-63. Mermelstein, N.H. (2002). “Food Research Trends: 2003 and Beyond.” Food Technology, 56, 30-49. OECD-Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2005). OECD – FAO AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: 2005 – 2014. www.oecd.org/document/5/0,2340,en_2649_37401_35015941_1_1_1_37401,00.html. Reardon, T. and J.A. Berdegue. (2002). “The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets in Latin America: Challenges and Opportunities for Development.” Development Policy Review, 20(4), 371-388. Regmi, A. (Ed.). (2001). Changing Structure of Global Food Consumption and Trade. Agriculture and Trade Report No. WRS-01-01, Market and Trade Economics Division, USDA-ERS. Sapp, S.G. and P. F. Korsching. (2004). “The social fabric and innovation diffusion: Symbolic adoption of food irradiation.” Rural Sociology, 69, 347-369. Starkey, S. (2005, July). “The Obesity Epidemic In Canada.” Economics Division, Parliamentary Information and Research Division. Statistics Canada. (2003). Family Food Expenditure Survey in Canada, 2001, Catalog No. CS62-554/201E-IN. Statistics Canada. (1999). Overview of the Time Use of Canadians in 1998, Catalog No. 12F0080XIE. Stewart, H., N. Blisard, S. Bhuyan, and R. M. Nayga, Jr. (2004, January). “The Demand for Food Away From Home Full-Service or Fast Food?” USDA-ERS, Agricultural Economic Report No. 829. U.S. Census Bureau. (2000). The Population Profile of the United States. Available at www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/profile2000.html.
Page 2 and 3:
The Future of Animal Agriculture in
Page 4 and 5:
Consumer Demand Working Group Helen
Page 6 and 7: Foreword Farm Foundation is a catal
Page 8 and 9: Executive Summary The Future of Ani
Page 10 and 11: The Future of Animal Agriculture in
Page 20: The Future of Animal Agriculture in
Page 23 and 24: 16 growth in the number of Canadian
Page 25 and 26: 18 Consumer Demand The demand for m
Page 27 and 28: 20 Nutrient loading on farmland fro
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2 Economics of Production,
Page 32 and 33: Economics of Production, Processing
Page 38 and 39: The Future Economics of Production,
Page 44 and 45: References Economics of Production,
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 3 Consumer Demand Issues Co
Page 48 and 49: The consumer food demand pyramid, i
Page 50 and 51: devote less time and effort to food
Page 52 and 53: dollar. Many of the retail environm
Page 54 and 55: economies will increase demand for
Page 58 and 59: Table 1. 2005 Population and Recent
Page 60 and 61: Figure 3. U.S. Meat Consumption Pou
Page 62 and 63: Consumer Demand Issues 55 Figure 7.
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 4 Global Competitiveness an
Page 66 and 67: tariff-rate quota (TRQ) in place on
Page 68 and 69: 2004 EU enlargement is expected to
Page 70 and 71: provide guidelines for animal healt
Page 72 and 73: affordable foods to many developing
Page 74 and 75: With NAFTA, and indeed before, seve
Page 76 and 77: competitors. Economic logic, howeve
Page 78 and 79: Global Competitiveness and Trade 71
Page 80 and 81: Figure 4. World Beef Consumption So
Page 82 and 83: Figure 8. World Poultry Meat Produc
Page 84 and 85: Figure 12. Major Dairy Exporters So
Page 86: Global Competitiveness and Trade 79
Page 89 and 90: 82 and medical professions. This in
Page 91 and 92: 84 produced under specific contract
Page 93 and 94: 86 establishing food safety system
Page 95 and 96: 88 In the United States, FDA, under
Page 97 and 98: 90 Policy Options and Implications
Page 99 and 100: 92 A national structure coordinated
Page 101 and 102: 94 Food Safety and Animal Health Pr
Page 104 and 105: Chapter 6 Environmental Issues The
Page 106 and 107:
positive and negative externalities
Page 108 and 109:
environmental damage. Climate, soil
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Managing or changing the components
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transportation access and costs; in
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could also be integrated air and wa
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and services. The success of the lo
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Environmental Issues 111 Metcalfe,
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Figure 2. Environmental Issues 113
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Chapter 7 Community and Labor Anima
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Slow economic growth in recent year
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informational hearing, at which com
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An aspect that should not be overlo
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States, FSIR would consider the no-
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• compensate parties harmed by an
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Community and Labor 127 Flora, C.B.
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Community and Labor 129 Senthilselv
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Community and Labor 131 Table 3. Un
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Chapter 8 Animal Welfare Animal agr
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In 2005, the Canadian Pork Council
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voluntary codes of practice are bei
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eak the rules; discipline is far mo
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In the final analysis, economic for
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References Animal Welfare 143 Agra
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Box 1. Animal Welfare Legislation i
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Animal Welfare 147 Box 3. Animal We
Page 156 and 157:
Source: Agra CEAS Consulting Ltd. (
Page 158 and 159:
Chapter 9 A Look to the Future Ther
Page 160 and 161:
safety, animal welfare, process ass
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