A Solution to the Inherent List on Nimitz Class Aircraft Carriers

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helicopters and C-2 Greyhounds inboard of <strong>the</strong> island, cranes aft of <strong>the</strong> island, and <strong>the</strong> rest of <strong>the</strong> aircraft dispersed between <strong>the</strong>m. The LCS is currently being au<strong>to</strong>mated via <strong>the</strong> Au<strong>to</strong>mated <strong>List</strong> Control System alteration (ALCS 9145K). The ALCS provides remote control and moni<strong>to</strong>ring of <strong>the</strong> aircraft carrier LCS from Damage Control Central (DCC) and Shaft Alley via a flat panel display. Four existing loop valves are upgraded from manual <strong>to</strong> mo<strong>to</strong>r operated and are integrated in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> control system. Existing pump controllers are replaced and control of pumps, valves and tank level moni<strong>to</strong>ring are integrated in<strong>to</strong> a single system with redundant capabilities. The ALCS utilizes commercialoff-<strong>the</strong>-shelf components and Navy-owned software <strong>to</strong> decrease <strong>the</strong> manpower needed for operation and maintenance, increase au<strong>to</strong>mation, reduce life cycle costs and significantly improve system reliability. System line-up and tank management is au<strong>to</strong>mated and managed such that tanks can be filled faster, utilizing fewer watchstanders and increasing system efficiency. Control and moni<strong>to</strong>ring of <strong>the</strong> LCS is performed from two human-machine interface (HMI) stations: one in DCC and one in Shaft Alley. The system can also be operated from <strong>the</strong> Central Control Station, and operates in both remote and semi-au<strong>to</strong>matic modes. Very little feedback has been obtained regarding <strong>the</strong> new ALCS and its improvements <strong>to</strong> overall ship operations. To date, installation has been completed on three of <strong>the</strong> ten planned carriers. Although <strong>the</strong> system provides <strong>the</strong> means <strong>to</strong> au<strong>to</strong>matically operate pumps and valves, <strong>the</strong> capacity of <strong>the</strong> system has not been changed. To really affect <strong>the</strong> starboard inherent list, more ballasting is going <strong>to</strong> be required. Once <strong>the</strong> inherent starboard list is fixed, <strong>the</strong> ALCS will be extremely advantageous <strong>to</strong> overall carrier operations. 20
1.3.7 Ballast Addition 1.3.7.1 Water Ballast Special preparation would be required for all tanks or voids using locked-in water ballast <strong>to</strong> correct <strong>the</strong> starboard inherent list. The sponson voids, in particular, are coated with epoxy over an inorganic zinc primer; this is suitable for installation of water ballast, but only for a period of up <strong>to</strong> five years if it is intact. Preparation of <strong>the</strong> sponson voids for installation of water would require inspection and possibly repair of <strong>the</strong> existing coating systems. Ano<strong>the</strong>r problem with using water as a source of ballast is that it is difficult <strong>to</strong> provide a sufficient amount of water ballast in a space judicious manner in order <strong>to</strong> provide enough permanent list correction. Although water is an inexpensive material, utilities would have <strong>to</strong> be relocated <strong>to</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r spaces and <strong>the</strong> tanks <strong>the</strong>mselves cannot be partially filled. 1.3.7.2 Solid Ballast For purposes of this project, lead was not considered as an option due <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> tremendous handling expenses and associated carcinogenic problems. Instead, a pumpable slurry of iron-ore, known as Perma Ballast®, was examined as a possible source of solid ballast. Ballast Technologies Inc. (BTI) has been a provider and installer of Perma Ballast® since 1983. Their product is widely acknowledged <strong>to</strong> be <strong>the</strong> quickest and most cost-effective method of ballast installation. All materials, including <strong>the</strong> fluid used <strong>to</strong> install <strong>the</strong> ballast, are naturally occurring, non<strong>to</strong>xic, non-corrosive and environmentally safe. No gases or vapors are generated and no special handling is required upon installation or removal. Minimal vessel modification is required <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship, <strong>the</strong>reby providing savings <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> shipyard. Jobs are not generally subcontracted out, <strong>the</strong>reby cutting out <strong>the</strong> middle man and making this product more competitive. Prior <strong>to</strong> installation, engineers and key personnel inspect 21
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Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Abstract 3 Acknow
Page 7 and 8: 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Motivation Air
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Page 17 and 18: for ships propulsion, respectively.
Page 19: combined with the
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Page 25 and 26: Tank name Tank volume Ballast type
Page 27 and 28: was successfully performed and <str
Page 29 and 30: of each tank's location was added,
Page 31 and 32: 2.3 Preliminary Decision-Making Cos
Page 33 and 34: All further costin
Page 35 and 36: 2.4 Structural Analysis One tank on
Page 37 and 38: this pressure. This resulted in a r
Page 39 and 40: 2.4.1 Structural Modifications 2.4.
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structural Analysis for Compartment
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Resulting Pressure on Sponson Plati
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Stress Calculations: k = coefficien
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FR 165 - FR 180 Transverse Bulkhead
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Design of Plating for Surface Ships
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Main Deck Shell FR 165 - FR 180 Tra
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Calculations to De
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Calculations to De
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Calculations to De
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Stress Calculations: Stiffening k =
Page 123 and 124:
Resulting Pressure on Shell Plating
Page 125 and 126:
Calculations to De
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Stress Calculations for 227 I<stron
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Resulting Pressure on Inner Longitu
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Calculations to De
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Stress Calculations k = coefficient
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Resulting Pressure on Transverse Bu
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MATERIAL WORK SHEET PERMA BALLAST®
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A Solution to the Inherent List on Nimitz Class Aircraft Carriers

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