A Solution to the Inherent List on Nimitz Class Aircraft Carriers

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<strong>List</strong> of Figures Figure 1: Stresses in rectangular plates under uniform lateral pressure [2] 38 Figure 2: 2"^* Deck Compartment 2-165-8-V 39 Figure 3: 2"'' Deck Compartment 2-165-8-V, transverse section 41 Figure 4: 4"" Deck Compartment 4-165-4-V 42 Figure 5: S'*" Deck Compartment 8-225-6-V 43 <strong>List</strong> of Tables Table 1: CVN 68 Class Delivery Data and Class Predictions as of 11/17/03 8 Table 2: Deck Location Cost Comparison 32 Table 3: Required Structural Modifications for 2-165-8-V 40 Table 4: Required Structural Modifications for 4-165-4-V 42 Table 5: Required Structural Modifications for 8-225-6-V 44 Table 6: Final Cost, Weight Addition, and Change in KG Comparison 47 <strong>List</strong> of Appendices Appendix A: Tank Location Study 54 Appendix B: Preliminary POSSE Modeling Results 58 Appendix C: Preliminary Cost Estimation Data and Worksheets 62 Appendix D: Preliminary Cost Comparison 86 Appendix E: Complete Structural Analysis 88 Appendix F: Final POSSE Modeling Results 148 Appendix G: Final Cost Estimation Data and Worksheets 150
1.0 Introduction 1.1 Motivation Aircraft carriers are <strong>the</strong> largest combatant ships in <strong>the</strong> world. They are huge floating cities, carrying thousands of sailors and aircraft, each vessel with more military power than many nations. But with such might comes mighty operational requirements. In order <strong>to</strong> launch and recover aircraft on <strong>the</strong> flight deck, most ships will report any change in list in excess of V4 degree <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Engineering Officer of <strong>the</strong> Watch (EOOW) for correction. The Nimitz class aircraft carrier was designed <strong>to</strong> maintain a level deck during flight operations through <strong>the</strong> utilization of <strong>the</strong> LCS. The LCS is designed <strong>to</strong> compensate for <strong>the</strong> operational effects of aircraft movement on <strong>the</strong> flight deck and in <strong>the</strong> hangar bays and not intended <strong>to</strong> compensate for an inherent list. Any inherent list imposes operational constraints on <strong>the</strong> ship, particularly when <strong>the</strong> carrier has embarked a full air-wing and full fuel loading (Combat Load Condition). Nimitz class carriers have a his<strong>to</strong>ry of inherent starboard list, due primarily <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> ship's configuration. His<strong>to</strong>ry shows that modifications <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nimitz class are have increased <strong>the</strong> inherent starboard list of each carrier. This <strong>the</strong>sis will explore various options for finding a permanent solution <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nimitz class list control issues, particularly, <strong>the</strong> installation of solid ballast <strong>to</strong> counter list. 1.2 Background There are a number of obstacles in finding a permanent solution for <strong>the</strong> inherent list associated with most Nimitz class carriers, as each carrier has a different inherent list associated with it. This may sound strange, but every ship is slightly different. The ships are so large and have such a high procurement cost that only one is built at a time. It takes an average of five years <strong>to</strong> build one carrier, and in that time, modernizations, upgrades, and improvements are
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A Solution to the Inherent List on Nimitz Class Aircraft Carriers

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