Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ...

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Contents tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 4.1 LAMINAR BURNING VELOCITY .......................................................................................................... 87 4.1.1 Constant pressure method ........................................................................................................ 87 4.1.1.1 Flame morphology ........................................................................................................................ 89 4.1.1.2 Flame Radius .............................................................................................................................. 100 4.1.1.3 Flame speed ............................................................................................................................... 102 4.1.1.4 Laminar burning velocity ........................................................................................................... 104 4.1.1.5 Karlovitz and Markstein numbers ............................................................................................. 106 4.1.1.6 Comparison with other fuels ..................................................................................................... 109 4.1.2 Constant volume method ........................................................................................................ 111 4.1.2.1 Pressure evolution ...................................................................................................................... 112 4.1.2.2 Burning velocity .......................................................................................................................... 114 4.1.2.3 Laminar burning velocity correlations ...................................................................................... 119 4.2. MULTI-ZONE SPHERICAL COMBUSTION .......................................................................................... 123 4.2.1 Mathematical model ............................................................................................................... 123 4.2.1.1 Flame propagation ..................................................................................................................... 123 4.2.1.2 Chemical equilibrium .................................................................................................................. 124 4.2.1.3 Heat transfer ............................................................................................................................... 124 4.2.2 Calculation procedure ........................................................................................................... 126 4.2.3 Results discussion and code validation .................................................................................. 128 4.2.3.1 Influence of the heat transfer model ........................................................................................ 129 4.2.3.2 Influence of equivalence ratio ................................................................................................... 129 4.2.3.3 Influence of the pressure ........................................................................................................... 133 4.2.3.4 Quenching distance and heat flux estimations ....................................................................... 135 4.3 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 137 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ENGINE-LIKE TURBULENT COMBUSTION ... 139 5.1 RCM SINGLE COMPRESSION ........................................................................................................... 139 5.1.1 Sensibility analysis ................................................................................................................. 140 5.1.1.1 TDC position ............................................................................................................................... 140 5.1.1.2 Initial piston position ................................................................................................................... 141 5.1.1.3 Spark time ................................................................................................................................... 143 5.1.1.4 In-cylinder pressure reproducibility .......................................................................................... 145 5.1.1.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 146 5.1.2 In-cylinder pressure ............................................................................................................... 147 5.1.3 In-cylinder flame propagation ............................................................................................... 148 5.2 RCM COMPRESSION-EXPANSION .................................................................................................... 150 5.2.1 Sensibility analysis ................................................................................................................. 150 5.2.1.1 Piston position ............................................................................................................................. 150 5.2.1.2 Equivalent rotation speed .......................................................................................................... 153 5.2.1.3 In-cylinder pressure repeatability ............................................................................................. 155 5.2.1.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 157 5.2.2 In-cylinder pressure ............................................................................................................... 157 5.2.3 Ignition timing ........................................................................................................................ 160 5.2.4 In-cylinder flame propagation ............................................................................................... 161 5.3 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 165 CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A SYNGAS- FUELLED ENGINE ..................... 167 6.1 THERMODYNAMIC MODEL .............................................................................................................. 168 6.1.1 Conservation and state equations .......................................................................................... 169 6.1.2 Chemical composition and thermodynamic properties .......................................................... 170 6.1.3 Heat Transfer ......................................................................................................................... 173 6.1.4 Mass burning rate .................................................................................................................. 174 6.2. NUMERICAL SOLUTION PROCEDURE .............................................................................................. 175 6.3 CODE VALIDATION.......................................................................................................................... 178 6.3.1 CFR engine ............................................................................................................................ 178 6.3.1.1 Sub-models ................................................................................................................................. 178 6.3.1.2 Results and discussion .............................................................................................................. 181 6.3.2 RCM ....................................................................................................................................... 182 6.3.2.1 Flame propagation ..................................................................................................................... 182 6.3.2.2 In-cylinder volume ...................................................................................................................... 183 6.2.2.3 Heat transfer ............................................................................................................................... 184 6.3.2.4 Turbulent burning velocity ......................................................................................................... 185 6.3.2.5 Results and discussion .............................................................................................................. 185 10
Contents 6.4. SYNGAS FUELLED-ENGINE ............................................................................................................. 188 6.4.1 Results and discussion ........................................................................................................... 188 6.5 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 192 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 194 7.1 SUMMARY OF PRESENT WORK AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS ................................................................ 194 7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK ........................................................................................ 199 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 201 APPENDIX A - OVERDETERMINED LINEAR EQUATIONS SYSTEMS ................................... 215 APPENDIX B - SYNGAS-AIR MIXTURE PROPERTIES ............................................................... 219 APPENDIX C – RIVÈRE MODEL ...................................................................................................... 220 tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 11
Page 1 and 2: THÈSE Pour l’obtention du Grade
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
Page 5 and 6: Résumé __________________________
Page 7 and 8: Nomenclature Nomenclature Roman tel
Page 9 and 10: Nomenclature Subscripts tel-0062309
Page 11: Contents tel-00623090, version 1 -
Page 15 and 16: Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Page 17 and 18: Introduction proves to have higher
Page 19 and 20: Introduction Chapter 3 - Experiment
Page 21 and 22: Bibliographic revision CHAPTER 2 BI
Page 23 and 24: Bibliographic revision point today
Page 25 and 26: Bibliographic revision - Boudouard
Page 27 and 28: Bibliographic revision Table 2.1 -
Page 29 and 30: Bibliographic revision Biomass Dryi
Page 31 and 32: Bibliographic revision Circulating
Page 33 and 34: Bibliographic revision or eliminate
Page 35 and 36: Bibliographic revision established
Page 37 and 38: Bibliographic revision Hydrogen Hyd
Page 39 and 40: Bibliographic revision of low moist
Page 41 and 42: Bibliographic revision scrubbing an
Page 43 and 44: Bibliographic revision suggests tha
Page 45 and 46: Bibliographic revision 1 d( δ A) 1
Page 47 and 48: Bibliographic revision Since n is
Page 49 and 50: Bibliographic revision 2 ( rsr ) 2
Page 51 and 52: Bibliographic revision This evoluti
Page 53 and 54: Bibliographic revision The burning
Page 55 and 56: Bibliographic revision δVG = − a
Page 57 and 58: Bibliographic revision 2 1 − −
Page 59 and 60: Bibliographic revision where the su
Page 61 and 62: Bibliographic revision the stretche
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Bibliographic revision burning velo
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Experimental set ups and diagnostic
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL AN
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Chapter 4 4.1 Laminar burning veloc
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.1 Flame morphology
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Chapter 4 P i = 1.0 bar, Ti = 293 K
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.5 shows schliere
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Chapter 4 P i = 2.0 bar, T i = 293
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Chapter 4 Sn (m/s) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
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Chapter 4 5 ms 10 ms 15 ms 20 ms 25
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Chapter 4 behaviour of the curves r
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Chapter 4 1.50 Sn (m/s) 1.25 1.00 0
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ =1.0 Su (m/s)
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Chapter 4 variation of the normaliz
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.6 Comparison with o
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Chapter 4 The values of laminar bur
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ=1.2 Su (m/s) 0
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Chapter 4 0.3 φ=0.8 Su (m/s) 0.2 0
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Chapter 4 a minimum pressure to exp
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Chapter 4 Notice the similar behavi
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Chapter 4 A very good agreement bet
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Chapter 4 ( ) Q = h T − T (4.21)
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Chapter 4 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 4 are tested and discussed.
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Chapter 4 7 500 Pressure (bar) 6 5
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 4.2.3.4 Quenching distanc
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Chapter 4 10000 Quenching distance
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Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL ST
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Chapter 5 30 10 25 8 Pressure (bar)
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Chapter 5 30 Piston position (mm) 2
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Chapter 5 5.1.1.4 In-cylinder press
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Chapter 5 estimation of various par
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Chapter 5 TDC 1.25 ms 2.5 ms 3.75 m
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Chapter 5 Piston position (mm) 500
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.15 is possi
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.16 is obser
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Chapter 5 80 Pressure (bar) 70 60 5
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Chapter 5 80 10 Pmax (bar) 70 60 50
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Chapter 5 -5.0 ms -3.75 ms -2.5 ms
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Chapter 5 observation emphasis the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL SIMUL
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Chapter 6 centered at the spark plu
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Chapter 6 H 2 O, (3) N 2 , (4) O 2
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Chapter 6 For all the above express
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Chapter 6 motions within the cylind
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Chapter 6 Heat transfer Wei et al.,
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Chapter 6 The calibration coefficie
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Chapter 6 6.3.2.2 In-cylinder volum
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Chapter 6 40 Experimental 30 Numeri
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Chapter 6 80 70 60 Numerical Experi
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Chapter 6 downdraft syngas than for
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Chapter 6 80 23º BTDC 60 29.5º BT
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Chapter 6 with experimental results
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Conclusions CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 7
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Conclusions radius and time for syn
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Conclusions conditions, therefore s
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Conclusions tel-00623090, version 1
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References References tel-00623090,
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References tel-00623090, version 1
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Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
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Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
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Appendix B- Syngas-air mixtures pro
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Appendix C -Rivère model Heat flux
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Appendix C -Rivère model The work
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tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 20
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