Etude de la combustion de gaz de synthèse issus d'un processus de ...

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References tel-00623090, version 1 - 13 Sep 2011 100. Kuo K. K. Principles of Combustion. 2 nd edition John Wiley & Sons, 2005. 101. Kurkela E., Stshlberg P. Air Gasification of peat, wood and brown coal in a pressurized fluidized bed reactor. I. Carbon conversion, gas yields and tar formation. Fuel Processing Technology 31(1), 1-21 (1992). 102. Kwon O.C., Rozenchan G., Law C.K. Cellular instabilities and self-acceleration of outwardly propagating spherical flames. Proceedings of the combustion Institute 29, 1775-1763 (2002). 103. Lamoureux N., Djebaili – Chaumeix.N., Paillard. C.–E. Laminar flame velocity determination for H 2 –air–He–CO 2 mixtures using the spherical bomb method. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 27, 385–393 (2003). 104. Landau L. D. On the theory of slow combustion. Acta Physicochim (URSS) 19, 77-85 (1944). 105. Lapuerta M., Armas O., Molina S. Study of the compression cycle of a reciprocating engine through the polytropic coefficient. Applied Thermal Engineering 23, 313-323 (2003). 106. Launder B.E., Spalding D.B. The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 3, 269-289 (1974). 107. Law C. K. Dynamics of stretched flames. Symposium (International) on Combustion 22 (1), 1381-1402 (1989). 108. Law C.K., Sung C. J. Structure, Aerodynamics, and Geometry of Premixed Flamelets. Prog. Energy Combustion Sciences 26, 459-505 (2000). 109. Law C.K. Combustion Physics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2006. 110. Leckner B. Spectral and total emissivity of water vapor and carbon dioxide. Combustion and Flame 19, 33-48, (1972). 111. Lewis B., von Elbe G. Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases, 3 rd Edition, Academic Press, 1987. 112. Li H., Karim G.A. Experimental investigation of the knock and combustion characteristics of CH4, H2, CO, and some of their mixtures. Proc Inst Mech Eng, J Power Energy 220, 459–71 (2006). 113. Liao S.Y., Jiang D.M., Cheng Q. Determination of laminar burning velocities for natural gas. Fuel 83, 1247-1250 (2004). 114. Lide D. R. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 84 th edition, CRC Press, 2003. 115. Liekhus K.J., Zlochower I.A., Cashdollar K. L., Djordjevic S.M., Loehr C.A. Flammability of gas mixtures containing volatile organic compounds and hydrogen. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 13, 377-384 (2000). 208
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THÈSE Pour l’obtention du Grade
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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Résumé __________________________
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Nomenclature Nomenclature Roman tel
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Nomenclature Subscripts tel-0062309
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Contents tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Contents 6.4. SYNGAS FUELLED-ENGINE
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Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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Introduction proves to have higher
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Introduction Chapter 3 - Experiment
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Bibliographic revision CHAPTER 2 BI
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Bibliographic revision point today
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Bibliographic revision - Boudouard
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Bibliographic revision Table 2.1 -
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Bibliographic revision Biomass Dryi
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Bibliographic revision Circulating
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Bibliographic revision or eliminate
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Bibliographic revision established
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Bibliographic revision Hydrogen Hyd
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Bibliographic revision of low moist
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Bibliographic revision scrubbing an
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Bibliographic revision suggests tha
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Bibliographic revision 1 d( δ A) 1
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Bibliographic revision Since n is
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Bibliographic revision 2 ( rsr ) 2
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Bibliographic revision This evoluti
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Bibliographic revision The burning
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Bibliographic revision δVG = − a
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Bibliographic revision 2 1 − −
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Bibliographic revision where the su
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Bibliographic revision the stretche
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Bibliographic revision burning velo
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Experimental set ups and diagnostic
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL AN
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Chapter 4 4.1 Laminar burning veloc
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.1 Flame morphology
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Chapter 4 P i = 1.0 bar, Ti = 293 K
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Chapter 4 Figure 4.5 shows schliere
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Chapter 4 P i = 2.0 bar, T i = 293
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Chapter 4 Sn (m/s) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
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Chapter 4 5 ms 10 ms 15 ms 20 ms 25
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Chapter 4 behaviour of the curves r
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Chapter 4 1.50 Sn (m/s) 1.25 1.00 0
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ =1.0 Su (m/s)
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Chapter 4 variation of the normaliz
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Chapter 4 4.1.1.6 Comparison with o
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Chapter 4 The values of laminar bur
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 0.5 0.4 φ=1.2 Su (m/s) 0
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Chapter 4 0.3 φ=0.8 Su (m/s) 0.2 0
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Chapter 4 a minimum pressure to exp
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Chapter 4 Notice the similar behavi
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Chapter 4 A very good agreement bet
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Chapter 4 ( ) Q = h T − T (4.21)
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Chapter 4 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 4 are tested and discussed.
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Chapter 4 7 500 Pressure (bar) 6 5
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Chapter 4 Pressure (bar) 7 6 5 4 3
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Chapter 4 4.2.3.4 Quenching distanc
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Chapter 4 10000 Quenching distance
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Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL ST
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Chapter 5 30 10 25 8 Pressure (bar)
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Chapter 5 30 Piston position (mm) 2
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Chapter 5 5.1.1.4 In-cylinder press
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Chapter 5 estimation of various par
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Chapter 5 TDC 1.25 ms 2.5 ms 3.75 m
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Chapter 5 Piston position (mm) 500
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Chapter 5 tel-00623090, version 1 -
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.15 is possi
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Chapter 5 From figure 5.16 is obser
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Page 167 and 168: Chapter 5 -5.0 ms -3.75 ms -2.5 ms
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Page 171 and 172: Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NUMERICAL SIMUL
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 6 centered at the spark plu
Page 175 and 176: Chapter 6 H 2 O, (3) N 2 , (4) O 2
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Page 185 and 186: Chapter 6 The calibration coefficie
Page 187 and 188: Chapter 6 6.3.2.2 In-cylinder volum
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 6 40 Experimental 30 Numeri
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 6 80 70 60 Numerical Experi
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 6 downdraft syngas than for
Page 195 and 196: Chapter 6 80 23º BTDC 60 29.5º BT
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 6 with experimental results
Page 199 and 200: Conclusions CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 7
Page 201 and 202: Conclusions radius and time for syn
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Page 221 and 222: Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
Page 223 and 224: Appendix A - Overdetermined linear
Page 225 and 226: Appendix B- Syngas-air mixtures pro
Page 227 and 228: Appendix C -Rivère model Heat flux
Page 229 and 230: Appendix C -Rivère model The work
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