State governments (such as State parks <strong>and</strong> wildlife management areas), or the federal government (such as <strong>National</strong> Forests, Recreational Areas, <strong>and</strong> Wildlife Refuges). Residents—Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For example, a person who lives in California <strong>and</strong> watches whales in California is a residential wildlife watcher in California. Rural—All territory, population, <strong>and</strong> housing units located outside <strong>of</strong> urbanized areas <strong>and</strong> urban clusters, as determined by the U.S. <strong>Census</strong> <strong>Bureau</strong>. Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays <strong>and</strong> sounds, <strong>and</strong> the tidal portions <strong>of</strong> rivers <strong>and</strong> streams. Screening interviews—The first <strong>Survey</strong> contact with a sample household. Screening interviews are conducted with a household representative to identify respondents who are eligible for in-depth interviews. Screening interviews gather data such as age <strong>and</strong> sex about individuals in the households. Further information on screening interviews is available on page vii in the “<strong>Survey</strong> Background <strong>and</strong> Method” section <strong>of</strong> this report. Small game—Grouse, pheasants, quail, rabbits, squirrels, <strong>and</strong> similar small animals for which States have small game seasons <strong>and</strong> bag limits. Special equipment—Big-ticket equipment items that are owned primarily for wildlife-related recreation: Bass boats Other types <strong>of</strong> motor boats Canoes <strong>and</strong> other types <strong>of</strong> nonmotor boats Boat motors, boat trailer/hitches, <strong>and</strong> other boat accessories Pickups, campers, vans, travel or tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) Cabins Off-the-road vehicles such as trail bikes, all terrain vehicles (ATVs), dune buggies, four-wheelers, 4x4 vehicles, <strong>and</strong> snowmobiles Other special equipment Spenders—Individuals who spent money on fishing, hunting, or wildlifewatching activities or equipment <strong>and</strong> also participated in those activities. Sportspersons—Individuals who engaged in fishing, hunting, or both. Trip—An outing involving fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching. A trip may begin from an individual’s principal residence or from another place, such as a vacation home or the home <strong>of</strong> a relative. A trip may last an hour, a day, or many days. Type <strong>of</strong> fishing—There are three types <strong>of</strong> fishing: (1) freshwater except Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, <strong>and</strong> (3) saltwater. Type <strong>of</strong> hunting—There are four types <strong>of</strong> hunting: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, <strong>and</strong> (4) other animal. Unspecified expenditure—An item that was purchased for use in both fishing <strong>and</strong> hunting, rather than primarily one or the other. Auxiliary equipment, special equipment, magazines <strong>and</strong> books, <strong>and</strong> membership dues <strong>and</strong> contributions are the items for which a purchase could be categorized as “unspecified.” Urban—All territory, population, <strong>and</strong> housing units located within boundaries that encompass densely settled territory, consisting <strong>of</strong> core census block groups or blocks that have a population density <strong>of</strong> at least 1,000 people per square mile <strong>and</strong> surrounding census blocks that have an overall density <strong>of</strong> at least 500 people per square mile. Under certain conditions, less densely settled territory may be included, as determined by the <strong>Census</strong> <strong>Bureau</strong>. Visit parks or natural areas—A visit to places accessible to the public <strong>and</strong> that are owned or leased by a governmental entity, nongovernmental organization, business, or a private individual or group such as an association or club. Wildlife—Animals such as birds, fish, insects, mammals, amphibians, <strong>and</strong> reptiles that are living in natural or wild environments. Wildlife does not include animals living in aquariums, zoos, <strong>and</strong> other artificial surroundings or domestic animals such as farm animals or pets. Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed—Examples <strong>of</strong> species that wildlife watchers observe, photograph, <strong>and</strong>/ or feed are (1) Wild birds—songbirds such as cardinals, robins, warblers, jays, buntings, <strong>and</strong> sparrows; birds <strong>of</strong> prey such as hawks, owls, eagles, <strong>and</strong> falcons; waterfowl such as ducks, geese, <strong>and</strong> swans; other water birds such as shorebirds, herons, pelicans, <strong>and</strong> cranes; <strong>and</strong> other birds such as pheasants, turkeys, road runners, <strong>and</strong> woodpeckers; (2) L<strong>and</strong> mammals— large l<strong>and</strong> mammals such as bears, bison, deer, moose, <strong>and</strong> elk; small l<strong>and</strong> mammals such as squirrels, foxes, prairie dogs, <strong>and</strong> rabbits; (3) Fish such as salmon, sharks, <strong>and</strong> groupers; (4) Marine mammals such as whales, dolphins, <strong>and</strong> manatees; <strong>and</strong> (5) Other wildlife such as butterflies, turtles, spiders, <strong>and</strong> snakes. Wildlife-related recreation— Recreational fishing, hunting, <strong>and</strong> wildlife watching. Wildlife watching—There are six types <strong>of</strong> wildlife watching: (1) closely observing, (2) photographing, (3) feeding, (4) visiting parks or natural areas, (5) maintaining plantings, <strong>and</strong> (6) maintaining natural areas. These activities must be the primary purpose <strong>of</strong> the trip or the around-the-home undertaking. Wildlife-watching equipment—Items owned primarily for observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife: Binoculars <strong>and</strong> spotting scopes Cameras, video cameras, special lenses, <strong>and</strong> other photographic equipment Film <strong>and</strong> developing Commercially prepared <strong>and</strong> packaged wild bird food Other bulk food used to feed wild birds Food for other wildlife Nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, <strong>and</strong> baths Day packs, carrying cases, <strong>and</strong> special clothing Other items such as field guides <strong>and</strong> maps 46 <strong>2011</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Fishing</strong>, <strong>Hunting</strong>, <strong>and</strong> Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont U.S. Fish <strong>and</strong> Wildlife Service <strong>and</strong> U.S. <strong>Census</strong> <strong>Bureau</strong>
Appendix B U.S. Fish <strong>and</strong> Wildlife Service <strong>and</strong> U.S. <strong>Census</strong> <strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>2011</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Fishing</strong>, <strong>Hunting</strong>, <strong>and</strong> Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Vermont 47
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