MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

Figures
Figure 1 Methods in biomimetics............................................................................................. 13
Figure 2: Simplicity of a Sponge. .............................................................................................. 15
Figure 3: Early fossils of sponges. ............................................................................................. 17
Figure 4: Spicules of the three classes of sponges. .................................................................. 21
Figure 5: Contrasting biosynthesis and morphology of demosponge- and hexactinellidspicules
..................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 6: Scale of glass spicules. ............................................................................................... 25
Figure 7 Spongial skeleton elements are multifunctional. ...................................................... 28
Figure 8: Hierarchical architecture. .......................................................................................... 31
Figure 9: Levels of hierarchy in a hexactinellid sponge............................................................ 32
Figure 10: Structuring facilitates more complex functionalities. ............................................. 33
Figure 11: Biogenic minerals. ................................................................................................... 37
Figure 12 Array of diatoms. ...................................................................................................... 40
Figure 13: The first steps of spiculogenesis occur within specialized cells (sclerocytes) ........ 44
Figure 14: Axial and appositional growth of spicules............................................................... 48
Figure 15: Extracellular phase of spicule formation with a focus on syneresis. ...................... 50
Figure 16 Sponge spicules offer inspiration for a variety of technological domains. .............. 54
Figure 17 Different polymerization methods inspired by sponge spicules. ............................ 56
Figure 18: Differences in fracture strength between multi-layered spicules and simple glass
fibres. ........................................................................................................................................ 59
Figure 19 Sponge spicules resemble commercial optical waveguides. ................................... 60
Figure 20: Light guiding properties of sponge spicules ............................................................ 63
Figure 21: Progress in synthesis of artificial nacre. ................................................................64
Figure 22: A darksome desk. .................................................................................................... 67
Figure 23: Planning of appropriate lighting of work-spaces involves manifold considerations.
.................................................................................................................................................. 69
Figure 24: World map of sunshine (direct normal irradiance)................................................. 73
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