MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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Figure 12 Array of diatoms. These unicellular algae are known for their seemingly infinite variety of different frustules (shells) made of amorphous silica. Researchers hope to learn about the interdependence between of genotype and phenotype, i.e. how a one-dimensional code connects to the multiple dimensions of a phenotype (Armbrust et al., 2004) (Gordon, 1999). In this context it is interesting to determine how closely the biomineralization of the highly ordered frustules is governed by genetic control (Brzezinski, 2008)(Sumper & Brunner, 2008). The array is 1.78 x 2.30 mm. © by (Gordon et al., 2009) Diatoms look really nice (cf. Figure 12). It is indeed very likely that their aesthetic appearance, due to the now extensively studied phenomenon of iridescence (Parker & 40
Townley, 2007) (Bertheier, 2007) and their intricate structure, has spawned much of the early (and possibly, ongoing) research (Gordon et al., 2009). Frustules have attracted research for their tribological properties, namely their sub-micrometer hinges and interlocking devices as well as their “waterproof” adhesives (Gebeshuber, 2007a) (Gebeshuber & Crawford, 2006). Mechanisms that diatoms use to attach to each other offer great potential for bioinspired applications, e.g. because they allow relative movement of the algae without detachment (Ussing et al., 2005). This led Gebeshuber and Gordon (2011) to propose a variety of best practice mechanisms derived from diatoms for implementation in MEMS. Lessons can be learned for dynamic, mechanical, structure-and surface related problems, leading to MEMS with increased functionality and better durability. Gordon and co-workers (2009) suggested a five-step mechanism that can be used for the description of silica biomineralization in diatoms: (i) formation of silica nanospheres with Ø 30-50 nm (ii) transport of silica spheres inside specialized membrane bound vesicles to the edges of the flat silicalemma (SL, another membrane-bound vesicle) and release into the SL (iii) growth of a flat, one layer of silica spheres thick disc starting at a central nucleation centre (iv) pore formation (v) thickening and sometimes pattern formation in 3D In an effort to synthesize artificial nacre, a step-by-step description was a key factor for the very successful biomimetic approach (Finnemore et al., 2012) (cf. Figure 21). This description should, in contrast to this suggestion, be in the “language” of technically feasible synthesis steps. The role of the silicalemma e.g. should be abstracted to invite the use of technically available tensegrity structures on this length scale. 41
Page 1: Fachhochschule Kärnten Carinthia U
Page 5: Keywords biomimetics, biomimetics i
Page 8 and 9: einzigartige Prozess stellt nachhal
Page 10 and 11: Façade elements...................
Page 12 and 13: Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
Page 14 and 15: Apart from this methodological dich
Page 16 and 17: That leaves us to talk of “silice
Page 18 and 19: Tissues, the next higher level of h
Page 20 and 21: shape of spicules, for most spicule
Page 22 and 23: and 24 basic types in Demospongiae
Page 24 and 25: Strikingly, the largest known natur
Page 26 and 27: spicules have swellings or hook-lik
Page 28 and 29: Figure 7 Spongial skeleton elements
Page 30 and 31: can be considered to start at order
Page 32 and 33: Figure 9: Levels of hierarchy in a
Page 34 and 35: would likely remain largely the sam
Page 36 and 37: Biomineralization “Biomineralizat
Page 38 and 39: properties (Lowenstam & Weiner, 198
Page 42 and 43: Spiculogenesis Overview Spiculogene
Page 44 and 45: their environment (Inagaki et al.,
Page 46 and 47: spicule is driven by intracellular
Page 48 and 49: Figure 14: Axial and appositional g
Page 50 and 51: Figure 15: Extracellular phase of s
Page 52 and 53: of rare earths (Zajec, 2010) or any
Page 54 and 55: of ways, e.g., their higher speed a
Page 56 and 57: precursor molecules is catalyzed an
Page 58 and 59: crack propagation (3). Thereby the
Page 60 and 61: excel in flexibility due to their g
Page 62 and 63: single-mode waveguides can transmit
Page 64 and 65: Biomimetic potential of different b
Page 66 and 67: (iv) (v) crystallize the previously
Page 68 and 69: Brundtland Report, is “developmen
Page 70 and 71: Notwithstanding the problems involv
Page 72 and 73: Importantly, social jetlag is close
Page 74 and 75: For tropical and temperate regions,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
Page 78 and 79: the ground have been reported to be
Page 80 and 81: synthesis of these elements could i
Page 82 and 83: the availability of spicule-inspire
Page 84 and 85: This flexibility certainly would al
Page 86 and 87: Another application to increase the
Page 88 and 89: and comfort of natural light, espec
Page 90 and 91:
Tensegrity: structural principle us
Page 92 and 93:
Brien P, Lévi C, Sarà M, Tuzet O,
Page 94 and 95:
Gebeshuber I, Crawford R (2006) Mic
Page 96 and 97:
Latzelsperger F (2012) Biomimetics
Page 98 and 99:
Ozin G, Hall N (2003) The photonic
Page 100 and 101:
Smith B, Schäffer T, Viani M, Thom
Page 102:
Wiens M, Bausen M, Natalio F, Link
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MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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