MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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the ground have been reported to be highly effective in protection high rise buildings. The idea of isolating and dampening large buildings by mounting isolation elements might seem surprising but can be scaled up seemingly ad libitum. The largest seismically isolated building is currently the Sabiha Gökçen International Airport terminal building in Istanbul (Sesigur et al., 2008). There are however various other factors that can contribute to lower damages due to earthquakes. Especially high ductility frames are now widely used for high-rise buildings in seismic prone regions (Paganoni & D'Ayala, 2010). As summarized by Calugaru and Panagiotou (2011), the two presented mechanisms have three basic functions: (i) reduce floor accelerations and forces (ii) control deformations due to robustness in one or two planes (iii) reduce post-seismic damage and make building adaptable. Usually these ductile frame or “rocking core” occupies a lot of space that is accordingly not available for other uses. Therefore it might interest architects to add functionality to these otherwise dead spaces that only become important during earthquakes. 78
Biomimetics: Sponges and buildings Sponge spicules conjoin a variety of interesting properties, ranging from mechanical stability and flexibility over transparency and other optical features to a sustainable, low temperature synthesis (Figure 27). Though there have been reports on unexpected optical behaviour, like the white-to-red shift of light transmitted light through spicules (Figure 20b), sponge spicules hold promise as stable and flexible light guides. At the same time our increasingly urbanized environment requires us to design more carefully than ever how we use light and how we expose ourselves to non-visual effects of light. Spongial skeletons epitomize a smart way to integrate additional functions into structural elements. Though siliceous spicules are (if we interpret the evolutionary history of hard skeletons right (cf. (Huiskes, 2000) (Uriz, 2006)) primarily structural elements, they integrate other functionalities and physiologically relevant properties (Figure 7). We could learn from this evolutionary “learning process” regarding integrating structural support and conducting light. After all, nature has maintained and improved this arrangement throughout more than 500 million years. In fact the symbiosis with microorganisms and the presence of a hard skeleton were probably the most important factors for the evolutionary success of sponges (Müller et al., 2007a) Since the symbiosis frequently involves photosynthetic organisms (Rützler & Muzik, 1993)(Usher et al., 2004), light management is essential for a successful mutualistic relationship. In conclusion, sponges exemplify how to successfully integrate structural and light conducting properties. Their long history and the resulting exposure to changing environmental conditions they survived maintaining a siliceous skeleton (Müller et al., 2009c) suggest that this arrangement is very robust and sustainable. Considering the scale of sponges and the frameworks supporting high rise buildings, scaling effects and associated problems come to mind immediately. Undeniably the scale of sponge spicules (3 m long at most in Monorhaphis chuni) and skyscrapers (up to 829 m, Burj Khalifa) make the suggestion of simple copies sound naïve, and obviously this is not proposed here. This work suggests the incorporation of principles observed in spongial skeletons on two different levels. On a small scale, the structure of sponge spicules is regarded a good role model for robust glass fibres as desirable for lighting in buildings (Figure 25). Structure as well as 79
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Fachhochschule Kärnten Carinthia U
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Keywords biomimetics, biomimetics i
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einzigartige Prozess stellt nachhal
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Façade elements...................
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Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
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Apart from this methodological dich
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That leaves us to talk of “silice
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Tissues, the next higher level of h
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shape of spicules, for most spicule
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and 24 basic types in Demospongiae
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Strikingly, the largest known natur
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spicules have swellings or hook-lik
Page 28 and 29: Figure 7 Spongial skeleton elements
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Page 36 and 37: Biomineralization “Biomineralizat
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Page 40 and 41: Figure 12 Array of diatoms. These u
Page 42 and 43: Spiculogenesis Overview Spiculogene
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Page 92 and 93: Brien P, Lévi C, Sarà M, Tuzet O,
Page 94 and 95: Gebeshuber I, Crawford R (2006) Mic
Page 96 and 97: Latzelsperger F (2012) Biomimetics
Page 98 and 99: Ozin G, Hall N (2003) The photonic
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MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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