MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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synthesis of these elements could imitate spicules closely. Promising approaches have been reported for the imitation of the synthesis of this biomaterial (e.g. (Park & Choi, 2010) (Wang et al., 2012a) (Müller et al., 2009c)). Yet, most attempts have been limited to the nanoscale so far. Therefore, it might be worthwhile to learn from successful attempts to mimic other biominerals at the macroscale. Especially the conceptual clarity leading to successful fabrication of artificial nacre and the apparent possibility to produce the biomaterial at industrial scale with few changes to the pathway of synthesis (Finnemore et al., 2012) hopefully will inspire progress in “artificial spiculogenesis”. Figure 27: Features of sponge spicules. As discussed earlier, sponge spicules possess an intriguing combination of mechanical and optical properties. Furthermore, their enzyme enzymatically controlled and driven biomineralization serves as an example for technological low-temperature synthesis of hard materials. © background picture adapted from Hermann Ehrlich. 80
On a larger scale, bio-inspired glass rods, albeit with better fracture toughness, stiffness, resilience and energy dissipation than “normal” glass rods will not replace steel in the cores of high rise buildings. General concepts, such as structural hierarchy, multifunctional structural elements and the general trend to use cheap, abundant base materials in a smart way (information vs. energy, (cf. Vincent, 2008)) can, however, well contribute to better buildings in the future. Thus, not a clear dichotomy between principles that may be imitated at the two different scales is proposed, but rather a higher degree of abstraction for the large scale than for the small scale. Table 2: Principles implemented in the proposed light guidance systems. At the level of fibres the natural epitome, spicules, could be imitated by manufacturing in a biomimetic way. Desirable material properties, like flexibility and toughness should be retained in biomimetic fibres. On a higher level, the benefits of hierarchical architecture as well as aspects of sponges with photosynthetic endosymbionts are transferred. System Façade element Complex solution Level of fibres • Flexibility, toughness • Lightguide properties • Manufacturing method • Flexibility, toughness • Lightguide properties • Manufacturing method • Dampening characteristics Level of system • Transmission of light to the interior • Protection of internal elements (e.g. solar cells) • Transmission of light to the interior • Inclusion of fibres for higher level of hierarchy in structural elements Based on these proposed criteria for abstracting features of spicules, two different ideas for better use of light in office buildings will be presented. First, a façade element for adaptive shading/ lighting of workspaces will be presented. Secondly, a complex solution for the integration of lighting elements into earthquake-proof buildings is outlined. Additionally, 81
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Fachhochschule Kärnten Carinthia U
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Keywords biomimetics, biomimetics i
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einzigartige Prozess stellt nachhal
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Façade elements...................
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Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
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Apart from this methodological dich
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That leaves us to talk of “silice
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Tissues, the next higher level of h
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shape of spicules, for most spicule
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and 24 basic types in Demospongiae
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Strikingly, the largest known natur
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spicules have swellings or hook-lik
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Figure 7 Spongial skeleton elements
Page 30 and 31: can be considered to start at order
Page 32 and 33: Figure 9: Levels of hierarchy in a
Page 34 and 35: would likely remain largely the sam
Page 36 and 37: Biomineralization “Biomineralizat
Page 38 and 39: properties (Lowenstam & Weiner, 198
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12 Array of diatoms. These u
Page 42 and 43: Spiculogenesis Overview Spiculogene
Page 44 and 45: their environment (Inagaki et al.,
Page 46 and 47: spicule is driven by intracellular
Page 48 and 49: Figure 14: Axial and appositional g
Page 50 and 51: Figure 15: Extracellular phase of s
Page 52 and 53: of rare earths (Zajec, 2010) or any
Page 54 and 55: of ways, e.g., their higher speed a
Page 56 and 57: precursor molecules is catalyzed an
Page 58 and 59: crack propagation (3). Thereby the
Page 60 and 61: excel in flexibility due to their g
Page 62 and 63: single-mode waveguides can transmit
Page 64 and 65: Biomimetic potential of different b
Page 66 and 67: (iv) (v) crystallize the previously
Page 68 and 69: Brundtland Report, is “developmen
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Page 72 and 73: Importantly, social jetlag is close
Page 74 and 75: For tropical and temperate regions,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
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Page 82 and 83: the availability of spicule-inspire
Page 84 and 85: This flexibility certainly would al
Page 86 and 87: Another application to increase the
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Page 90 and 91: Tensegrity: structural principle us
Page 92 and 93: Brien P, Lévi C, Sarà M, Tuzet O,
Page 94 and 95: Gebeshuber I, Crawford R (2006) Mic
Page 96 and 97: Latzelsperger F (2012) Biomimetics
Page 98 and 99: Ozin G, Hall N (2003) The photonic
Page 100 and 101: Smith B, Schäffer T, Viani M, Thom
Page 102: Wiens M, Bausen M, Natalio F, Link
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