MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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For tropical and temperate regions, another type of daylight guidance system is attractive: Anidolic light guides. Courret and colleagues (1998) proposed to introduce an additional ceiling that is connected to a tilted façade element that collects light for redistribution in the office space. The protruding façade element contains a collector that diverts the incident sunlight by non-imaging (anidolic) optics deeper into the building where another anidolic element releases the light into the room. The authors suggest that under overcast conditions, and in a typical urban, obstructed landscape this system provides 2-3 times better lighting deep inside buildings than conventional windows. Additionally, the provided light reportedly makes for high visual comfort, and the system could be installed when retrofitting office buildings. Commercially available systems Most common light guidance systems on the market, though, rely on a quite straightforward approach. Daylight is conducted from the rooftop or façade and conducted by optical fibres or tubular light ducts deep into the building (Figure 25). Some more recent products aim at intertwining artificial and natural light to provide reliable lighting through a single integrated system. Commercially available hybrid systems currently include Himawari (himawari-net.co.jp), Parans (parans.com), Hybrid Solar Lighting (HSL) ((sunlight-direct.com) and the SCIS Solar Canopy Illuminance System (lightinglab.fi). Some of these systems employ active collectors that track the sun (Himawari, HSL) while other rely on stationary light collectors. A further difference is the mounting location of the different systems. While Himawari and Parans can be mounted both on rooftops and façades, the other lighting systems are restricted to either roof (HSL) or façade (SCIS). Commonly these systems can conduct light over distances not exceeding 20 metres (parans.com) (himawari-net.co.jp). Thus a combination of both mounting locations (roof and wall) would be desirable for implementation in high rise office buildings. Mayhoub and Carter (2011) simulated the use of three commercially available hybrid lighting systems (HSL, Parans and SCIS) under a variety of conditions relevant for all climatic regions ranging from cold, fully humid over temperate and sub-tropic to arid and tropical regions. They discovered great potential for improvement of these systems, as all systems 74
were outperformed by simple tubular daylight guidance systems (TGDS) in all climatic regions, especially close to the equator. Additionally, they compared the demands that the different systems made to the geometry of buildings where they can be installed. Here, the greater flexibility of fibre based systems compared to TGDS became apparent, although SCIS seems to be difficult to integrate into existing building. Also, once installed, fibre-based systems can better be adapted to modifications that might become necessary, e.g. when the building use changes. Thus, fibre based systems hold great promise and the challenges regarding efficiency should be addressed. Two problems have been discussed in the abovementioned article. First, guidance technology should be improved. This might become possible with novel materials that allow for fewer transmission losses and accordingly the guidance of light to deeper regions of the building. Secondly, collection efficiency needs to be addressed. All the hybrid lighting systems presented here concentrate light before guiding it to the interior of the building. This prevents them from using diffuse daylight efficiently, making a close tracking of the sun important. Only SCIS can make use of scattered light to some extent, because it has a lower concentration ratio (Mayhoub & Carter, 2011) (Rosemann et al., 2008). Thus, the presented hybrid systems rely on expensive sun-tracking mechanisms. An interesting way around this problem was suggested by Schäfer (2011). Inspired by desertdwelling Window plants, he suggested dome-shaped anidolic collectors that have a wide reception angle and can concentrate light. This would accordingly minimize, or even abolish, the need to track the sun. The lower concentration ratio (Stine & Geyer, 2001) as compared to the collectors of HSL, Parans etc. could be balanced by coupling light from various anidolic collectors into one light-guide. 75
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Fachhochschule Kärnten Carinthia U
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Keywords biomimetics, biomimetics i
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einzigartige Prozess stellt nachhal
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Façade elements...................
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Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
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Page 92 and 93: Brien P, Lévi C, Sarà M, Tuzet O,
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Page 96 and 97: Latzelsperger F (2012) Biomimetics
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MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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