MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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(iv) (v) crystallize the previously deposited mineral films repeat steps (i)-(iv) The resultant artificial nacre visually resembles its natural role model on all different scales. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM, Figure 21e vs. f) reveal that the characteristic tablet structure of aragonite in nacre is similarly maintained in the calcareous tablets of the artificial nacre. With the naked eye a feature related to the same, small scale can be detected: iridescence (change of colour with the viewing angle). This optical phenomenon arises due to the regular periodicity of nacre (Figure 21c), and is quite similarly observed in the artificial nacre plate (Figure 21b), confirming the good control over layer thickness in this artificial organic-inorganic composite. Indentation of artificial and natural nacre revealed that the toughness of both materials is similar, with differences due to the used crystal from of CaCO 3 (cal org in artificial nacre vs. aragonite in biogenic nacre). The approach reported in that publication importantly is quite similar to the biomineralization of nacre in the living organism, e.g., abalone (Lin et al., 2008). Importantly, the methods used during synthesis (e.g. dip-coating, etching with NaOH) should easily be upscaled. This stands in contrast to many attempts to mimic the formation of sponge spicules, since often biomolecules (like silicatein) are involved in proposed and experimented pathways (Tahir et al., 2005) (Müller et al., 2009c) (André et al., 2011). 66
Daylight guidance systems (DGS) Benefits Figure 22: A darksome desk. An ever increasing number of people work in deep-plan office buildings where daylight that can be delivered by conventional windows or atria is insufficient. Most people, however, prefer natural light for illumination for a variety of reasons, including well-being and improved performance. © strangelycutlemon.com We live in an urbanized world. As of 2008, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities (UN news, 2008). This increasing urbanization is not confined to any specific region of the world, though there are hot spots like Lagos (10.4 million inhabitants, growth rate: 4.44 % p.a.) and Kinshasa (9 m, 3.89 %) in Africa, Lahore (7.7 m, 3.12 %), Karachi (20.7 m, 3.19 %) and Dhaka (15.4 m, 3.79 %) in Pakistan and Bangladesh (population from (Demographia, 2012), growth rates from (citymayors.com)). A lot of living- and working space is being created and will have to be created in the future to accommodate this urban populace. The importance of creating this environment according to the principle of ecologic sustainability can hardly be overstated (Costanza, 1991). Sustainable development, according to the widely accepted definition of the 67
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Fachhochschule Kärnten Carinthia U
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Keywords biomimetics, biomimetics i
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einzigartige Prozess stellt nachhal
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Façade elements...................
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Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
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Apart from this methodological dich
Page 16 and 17: That leaves us to talk of “silice
Page 18 and 19: Tissues, the next higher level of h
Page 20 and 21: shape of spicules, for most spicule
Page 22 and 23: and 24 basic types in Demospongiae
Page 24 and 25: Strikingly, the largest known natur
Page 26 and 27: spicules have swellings or hook-lik
Page 28 and 29: Figure 7 Spongial skeleton elements
Page 30 and 31: can be considered to start at order
Page 32 and 33: Figure 9: Levels of hierarchy in a
Page 34 and 35: would likely remain largely the sam
Page 36 and 37: Biomineralization “Biomineralizat
Page 38 and 39: properties (Lowenstam & Weiner, 198
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12 Array of diatoms. These u
Page 42 and 43: Spiculogenesis Overview Spiculogene
Page 44 and 45: their environment (Inagaki et al.,
Page 46 and 47: spicule is driven by intracellular
Page 48 and 49: Figure 14: Axial and appositional g
Page 50 and 51: Figure 15: Extracellular phase of s
Page 52 and 53: of rare earths (Zajec, 2010) or any
Page 54 and 55: of ways, e.g., their higher speed a
Page 56 and 57: precursor molecules is catalyzed an
Page 58 and 59: crack propagation (3). Thereby the
Page 60 and 61: excel in flexibility due to their g
Page 62 and 63: single-mode waveguides can transmit
Page 64 and 65: Biomimetic potential of different b
Page 68 and 69: Brundtland Report, is “developmen
Page 70 and 71: Notwithstanding the problems involv
Page 72 and 73: Importantly, social jetlag is close
Page 74 and 75: For tropical and temperate regions,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
Page 78 and 79: the ground have been reported to be
Page 80 and 81: synthesis of these elements could i
Page 82 and 83: the availability of spicule-inspire
Page 84 and 85: This flexibility certainly would al
Page 86 and 87: Another application to increase the
Page 88 and 89: and comfort of natural light, espec
Page 90 and 91: Tensegrity: structural principle us
Page 92 and 93: Brien P, Lévi C, Sarà M, Tuzet O,
Page 94 and 95: Gebeshuber I, Crawford R (2006) Mic
Page 96 and 97: Latzelsperger F (2012) Biomimetics
Page 98 and 99: Ozin G, Hall N (2003) The photonic
Page 100 and 101: Smith B, Schäffer T, Viani M, Thom
Page 102: Wiens M, Bausen M, Natalio F, Link
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MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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