MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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Apart from this methodological dichotomy, a cornucopia of sub-fields that divides biomimetics according to the fields of application has emerged (Nachtigall, 1998). This work seeks to elaborate on features of sponge spicules of potential interest for energy-related systems and to suggest ways to implement appealing principles. According to the aforementioned classification this constitutes a project of biomimetics by induction in the field of energy related systems, as presented by (Latzelsperger, 2012). On a basic level, two general methods are usually distinguished by researchers and engineers that have adopted the biomimetic “point of view” (Schmitt, 1957). Either basic research leads to the recognition of basic, biological concepts that are subsequently used for technological applications, or a technological challenge triggers the search for the solution of an analogous problem that helps to surmount the initial problem. Even though the general idea seems to be widely accepted, terminology for these complementary methods differs considerably. While Gebeshuber and Drack (2008) distinguish biomimetics “by induction” vs. “by analogy” (Figure 1), researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology use the terms “solution-based” vs. “problem-based” (Georgia Tech, n.d.), and researchers in Freiburg refer to them as “bottom up” vs. “top-down“ mechanisms (Plant Biomech, n.d.). For a more detailed account of different methodologies in biomimetics and the current state of biomimetics in energy systems refer to (Schäfer, 2011). A successful example for biomimetics by analogy in the field of photovoltaics can be found in (Bach, 2011). 14
Sponges Phylogeny Sponges look simple. So simple that not few people can hardly believe them to be animals. Even the great taxonomist Carl von Linné (Linnæus) mistakenly assigned sponges to the kingdom of plants in his opus Systema Naturae back in the 18th century (von Linné, 1759). Subsequently the group sponges (Porifera) was recognized to be at the base of the kingdom Metazoa, more commonly known as animals, because unlike plants, they are heterotrophic and possess no cell walls. More recently, taxonomists challenged the validity of the phylum (systematic group) Porifera based on genetic analyses implying that Sponges are a paraphyletic group (Borchiellini et al., 2001) (Müller et al., 2007a). Commonly, taxonomists demand that all the constituents of a taxon (systematic group) are more closely related to each other than to any organism of another taxon (Monophyly). Grouping calcareous sponges and siliceous sponges together does not meet this criterion. Figure 2: Simplicity of a Sponge. . The large photo shows the spheroid architecture of a common bath sponge in the Mediterranean Sea. The inset shows a rare hexactinellid reef off the coast of British Columbia, Australia, exhibiting a more complex shape. © by schule-bw.de and livingoceans.org 15
Page 1: Fachhochschule Kärnten Carinthia U
Page 5: Keywords biomimetics, biomimetics i
Page 8 and 9: einzigartige Prozess stellt nachhal
Page 10 and 11: Façade elements...................
Page 12 and 13: Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
Page 16 and 17: That leaves us to talk of “silice
Page 18 and 19: Tissues, the next higher level of h
Page 20 and 21: shape of spicules, for most spicule
Page 22 and 23: and 24 basic types in Demospongiae
Page 24 and 25: Strikingly, the largest known natur
Page 26 and 27: spicules have swellings or hook-lik
Page 28 and 29: Figure 7 Spongial skeleton elements
Page 30 and 31: can be considered to start at order
Page 32 and 33: Figure 9: Levels of hierarchy in a
Page 34 and 35: would likely remain largely the sam
Page 36 and 37: Biomineralization “Biomineralizat
Page 38 and 39: properties (Lowenstam & Weiner, 198
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12 Array of diatoms. These u
Page 42 and 43: Spiculogenesis Overview Spiculogene
Page 44 and 45: their environment (Inagaki et al.,
Page 46 and 47: spicule is driven by intracellular
Page 48 and 49: Figure 14: Axial and appositional g
Page 50 and 51: Figure 15: Extracellular phase of s
Page 52 and 53: of rare earths (Zajec, 2010) or any
Page 54 and 55: of ways, e.g., their higher speed a
Page 56 and 57: precursor molecules is catalyzed an
Page 58 and 59: crack propagation (3). Thereby the
Page 60 and 61: excel in flexibility due to their g
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Biomimetic potential of different b
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(iv) (v) crystallize the previously
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Brundtland Report, is “developmen
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Notwithstanding the problems involv
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Importantly, social jetlag is close
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For tropical and temperate regions,
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Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
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the ground have been reported to be
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synthesis of these elements could i
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the availability of spicule-inspire
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This flexibility certainly would al
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Another application to increase the
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and comfort of natural light, espec
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Tensegrity: structural principle us
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Brien P, Lévi C, Sarà M, Tuzet O,
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Gebeshuber I, Crawford R (2006) Mic
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Latzelsperger F (2012) Biomimetics
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Ozin G, Hall N (2003) The photonic
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Smith B, Schäffer T, Viani M, Thom
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Wiens M, Bausen M, Natalio F, Link
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MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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