MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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Another application to increase the quality of a workspace within such buildings is the use of green solar architecture, pioneered by Schempp (1997). His approach of using plants and even trees for a healthier indoor climate could be assisted by providing natural light in deep spaces of a building. When selecting plants according to the light available through the fibre daylighting system, this green solar architecture would contribute to a more sustainable building with no energy expenditure after installation. Figure 30: Daylight system integrated into the core of an earthquake-proof building. Dome-shaped light collectors are installed on top of the concrete core, whereas tilted panels line the lateral surface. Glass fibres, potentially in fascicles, guide light to the inside of the building. Light can be diffused by luminaires that integrate natural and artificial light sources (right side) or at spines on the lower surface of the light-guide. Spines have been reported to out-couple light from spicules (Aizenberg et al., 2004) and could be introduced by localized syneresis (Wang et al., 2012b). © for inset cartoons by serradinho.com 86
Summary Investigation of siliceous sponges and their endoskeleton allows inferring multiple useful concepts for biomimetic innovations. A wealth of research has been published regarding the unique synthesis mechanism as well as structural, mechanical and optical properties of this astounding biomaterial. Hierarchical architecture and nanostructuring are the two main factors yielding a strong, tough and yet flexible SiO 2 -based composite. This has been stressed by contrasting engineered structures and the highly hierarchical skeleton of the glass sponge Venus’ Flower Basket. The low temperature synthesis of spicules can be subdivided into three basic steps, all of which occur within or in close association with specialized cells. Depending on the class of sponges and the type of spicule within a sponge, spicules can become solid in the last step (most demosponges) or retain a distinct, layered structure (most hexactinellids). To appreciate the peculiarities of spiculogenesis, the pathway of synthesis has been contrasted to other mineralization processes. It became apparent that the enzymatic control of this process is a useful role-model for sustainable low-temperature fabrication methods in nanotechnology, bone replacement materials and for other metal-oxide materials. In a short digression, the synthesis of artificial nacre is highlighted. This calcareous biomaterial has been copied in even more convincing ways than spicules and provides hints for successful biomimetic fabrication of hard materials. Especially the optical properties of this transparent material raised the interest of researchers in communication engineering and laser physics. For the latter field nonlinearoptical properties of sponge spicules including Bragg reflection and a variable fluorescence decay time are interesting. For communication technologies resemblance between spicules and waveguides has triggered research revealing that sponge spicules can conduct light in single- and multimode regimes. The effective guidance of light through spicules, that has been shown to serve a biological purpose in some sponges, suggested an application in daylighting systems. Buildings have adopted geometries that became only possible thanks to the availability of artificial light in the last century. However, currently we are re-discovering the importance 87
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Fachhochschule Kärnten Carinthia U
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Keywords biomimetics, biomimetics i
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einzigartige Prozess stellt nachhal
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Façade elements...................
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Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
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Apart from this methodological dich
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That leaves us to talk of “silice
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Tissues, the next higher level of h
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shape of spicules, for most spicule
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and 24 basic types in Demospongiae
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Strikingly, the largest known natur
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spicules have swellings or hook-lik
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Figure 7 Spongial skeleton elements
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can be considered to start at order
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Figure 9: Levels of hierarchy in a
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would likely remain largely the sam
Page 36 and 37: Biomineralization “Biomineralizat
Page 38 and 39: properties (Lowenstam & Weiner, 198
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12 Array of diatoms. These u
Page 42 and 43: Spiculogenesis Overview Spiculogene
Page 44 and 45: their environment (Inagaki et al.,
Page 46 and 47: spicule is driven by intracellular
Page 48 and 49: Figure 14: Axial and appositional g
Page 50 and 51: Figure 15: Extracellular phase of s
Page 52 and 53: of rare earths (Zajec, 2010) or any
Page 54 and 55: of ways, e.g., their higher speed a
Page 56 and 57: precursor molecules is catalyzed an
Page 58 and 59: crack propagation (3). Thereby the
Page 60 and 61: excel in flexibility due to their g
Page 62 and 63: single-mode waveguides can transmit
Page 64 and 65: Biomimetic potential of different b
Page 66 and 67: (iv) (v) crystallize the previously
Page 68 and 69: Brundtland Report, is “developmen
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Page 72 and 73: Importantly, social jetlag is close
Page 74 and 75: For tropical and temperate regions,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
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Page 82 and 83: the availability of spicule-inspire
Page 84 and 85: This flexibility certainly would al
Page 88 and 89: and comfort of natural light, espec
Page 90 and 91: Tensegrity: structural principle us
Page 92 and 93: Brien P, Lévi C, Sarà M, Tuzet O,
Page 94 and 95: Gebeshuber I, Crawford R (2006) Mic
Page 96 and 97: Latzelsperger F (2012) Biomimetics
Page 98 and 99: Ozin G, Hall N (2003) The photonic
Page 100 and 101: Smith B, Schäffer T, Viani M, Thom
Page 102: Wiens M, Bausen M, Natalio F, Link
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MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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