MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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and comfort of natural light, especially since energy has become less cheap. This trend coincides with an increased awareness of the effect of sustainable workplaces. Medical studies have furthermore pointed out the importance of non-visual effects of light and natural light. In this context various daylighting systems with a focus on commercially available, fibre-based hybrid systems are presented. Another requirement for buildings, namely in earthquake hazard regions, is the presence of seismic proofing structures which are described shortly. The evolutionary stable strategy to add functionalities to structural elements serves as guidance for the idea to integrate novel lighting concepts into buildings. Mechanically stable spicule-inspired light-guides might be useful for the improvement of current daylighting systems, and additionally pave the way for different innovative daylight guidance systems. Two concepts for the incorporation of these fibres into office buildings are presented. An adaptive element for façades exposed to strong solar irradiation and a whole building solution for a daylight guidance system that aims at adding functionality to seismic proofing structures. We should raise the wealth of opportunities slumbering in sponges and their spicules in the depth of the ocean to learn more sustainable manufacturing methods, to imitate their astonishing multifunctionality and to create an urban environment that matches our needs. 88
Glossary Birefringence: dependence of the refractive index of a material on the polarization and the direction of light passing through the material. Endoskeleton: internal skeleton, sometimes with elements protruding the surface, antonym of exoskeleton. Endosymbiont: Partner in a symbiotic life-form that lives within its counterpart. Evolutionary bottleneck: Event that drastically decreases the number of species or individuals. Extant: describes organisms that are currently living on earth, antonym of extinct Heterotroph: organisms that cannot fix carbon and thus rely on organic carbon. All animals are heterotrophic, while, e.g., plants are autotrophs. Hierarchy: (structural hierarchy) at different length scales different structures are used for construction. Mesohyl: gelatinous, matrix that occupies the space between inner and outer layer of cells (mainly in demosponges) Ostium: small pore in the outer surface of sponges, allowing water to flow into the sponge. Osculum: larger orifice, usually on the superior side of a sponge. Serves as outlet for water and waste products dissolved therein. Phylum: Systematic unit in the tree of life. Valid phyla include all descendants of a given ancestor (monophyletic group). If the constituents of a group of organisms include not all of these organisms, or additionally include organisms that have closer relatives in another systematic unit, the group is paraphyletic. Sintering: Diffusion-based process that creates solid materials from powders, usually at high temperatures. Superelastic: material that can deform drastically without failing. Syncytium: agglomeration of cells that is delimited by only one external membrane layer, can behave like one cell with multiple nuclei or like many cells with one membrane. Common in glass sponges. Syneresis: Extrusion or extraction of water or another liquid from a solidifying gel. Taxonomy: biological discipline concerned with designating and naming biological groups based on shared characteristics. 89
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Fachhochschule Kärnten Carinthia U
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Keywords biomimetics, biomimetics i
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einzigartige Prozess stellt nachhal
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Façade elements...................
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Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
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Apart from this methodological dich
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That leaves us to talk of “silice
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Tissues, the next higher level of h
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shape of spicules, for most spicule
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and 24 basic types in Demospongiae
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Strikingly, the largest known natur
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spicules have swellings or hook-lik
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Figure 7 Spongial skeleton elements
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can be considered to start at order
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Figure 9: Levels of hierarchy in a
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would likely remain largely the sam
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Biomineralization “Biomineralizat
Page 38 and 39: properties (Lowenstam & Weiner, 198
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12 Array of diatoms. These u
Page 42 and 43: Spiculogenesis Overview Spiculogene
Page 44 and 45: their environment (Inagaki et al.,
Page 46 and 47: spicule is driven by intracellular
Page 48 and 49: Figure 14: Axial and appositional g
Page 50 and 51: Figure 15: Extracellular phase of s
Page 52 and 53: of rare earths (Zajec, 2010) or any
Page 54 and 55: of ways, e.g., their higher speed a
Page 56 and 57: precursor molecules is catalyzed an
Page 58 and 59: crack propagation (3). Thereby the
Page 60 and 61: excel in flexibility due to their g
Page 62 and 63: single-mode waveguides can transmit
Page 64 and 65: Biomimetic potential of different b
Page 66 and 67: (iv) (v) crystallize the previously
Page 68 and 69: Brundtland Report, is “developmen
Page 70 and 71: Notwithstanding the problems involv
Page 72 and 73: Importantly, social jetlag is close
Page 74 and 75: For tropical and temperate regions,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 25: Daylight Guidance System
Page 78 and 79: the ground have been reported to be
Page 80 and 81: synthesis of these elements could i
Page 82 and 83: the availability of spicule-inspire
Page 84 and 85: This flexibility certainly would al
Page 86 and 87: Another application to increase the
Page 90 and 91: Tensegrity: structural principle us
Page 92 and 93: Brien P, Lévi C, Sarà M, Tuzet O,
Page 94 and 95: Gebeshuber I, Crawford R (2006) Mic
Page 96 and 97: Latzelsperger F (2012) Biomimetics
Page 98 and 99: Ozin G, Hall N (2003) The photonic
Page 100 and 101: Smith B, Schäffer T, Viani M, Thom
Page 102: Wiens M, Bausen M, Natalio F, Link
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MASTER THESIS Biomimetic potential of sponge ... - IAP/TU Wien

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