Muslims in Europe: - International Institute - University of Michigan

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evenues. Their expenditure for the war effort was about $120 billion. Without U.S. and Canadian aid, Britain would have defaulted on its considerable debts. Even so, the flood of wealth out of the country was considerable. The winter of 1947 was probably the lowest economic point of the century. Fuel shortages, gas rationing, inadequate food and shelter, and one of the coldest seasons on record all added to the nation’s problems. Unemployment reached 2.3 million, and the monetary crisis worsened. (MSN Encarta) Postwar Germany After World War II the German economy lay in shambles. They had spent approximately $272 billion on the war. The war, along with Hitler's scorched-earth policy, had destroyed 20 percent of all housing. Food production per capita in 1947 was only 51 percent of its level in 1938, and the official food ration set by the occupying powers varied between 1,040 and 1,550 calories per day. Industrial output in 1947 was only one-third its 1938 level. Moreover, a large percentage of Germany's working-age men were dead. (www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GermanEconomicMiracle.html) Most of the major cities had been badly damaged, with industrial production especially hard-hit. Many cities lay either in ruin or were severely damaged. The economic structure was ruined and millions had been made homeless. The shortage of food was one of the most acute problems. The situation was especially bad in Germany where in 1946-47 the average calorie intake per day was only 1,800, an insufficient amount for long-term health. Western Europe in 1946-47 had only 4/5 of its 1938 supply of food. Its population had increased by 20 million, more than a tenth, even after accounting for military and civilian deaths. As important was the shortage of coal, aggravated by the cold winter of 1946-47. In Germany homes went unheated and hundreds froze to death. German coal production in 1947 proceeded at little more than half of the pre-war pace. Postwar France Though France was occupied by Germany throughout most of the war, their economy still had to be rebuilt following the cessation of hostilities in 1945. Not only did France have serious financial problems, but it was also faced with wartime destruction, social dislocation, and political turmoil. For example, the destruction of 4/5 of its railway cars hampered transportation. The purge of Vichy collaborators, which took thousands of lives, brought the country close to anarchy. Over 5,000 collaborators were killed by partisans. Postwar Italy Italy had spent about $94 billion on World War II. Coming out of the Second World War completely ruined and crippled by the severe territorial restrictions imposed by the peace treaty (Paris, 1 February 1947), the new Italian Republic had to face the many problems of material and moral reconstruction. Like the other European nations, Italy had suffered severe casualties of both its military and civilian populations. In addition, the Allied campaign in Italy left some cities and some of the countryside in shambles. Roads and bridges had been destroyed 65
Post-WWII European Economy Rebuilding Europe and Muslim Migration to Europe Overview of Lesson: Students will be informed about some of the reasons for economic growth and its relationship to the immigration of many Muslims to Europe. Furthermore, they will examine some of the consequences and challenges of that immigration. This lesson will take about 2 class periods. Objectives: 1. Students will describe some of the factors contributing to economic growth in Europe following World War II. 2. Students will understand the relationship between European economic growth and the migration of significant numbers of Muslims to Europe, primarily from Turkey and North Africa. 3. Students will read articles dealing with the consequences and challenges of this migration and discuss in a seminar format the challenges of multiculturalism in Europe. Focus Questions: 1. What factors led to rapid economic recovery in Europe? 2. What is the relationship between Europe’s economic recovery and the migration of Muslim peoples to Europe from North Africa and Turkey? 3. What are the consequences and challenges of this migration? Resources/Materials: Chalkboard to record student responses Background materials for Economic Recovery (attached) Migration Data (attached) Internet access or copies of articles for students Procedures/Activities: 1. Link to Previous Lesson: Ask students what they found out about how their nations recovered. Do they think that all nations went about rebuilding in generally the same way? 2. Background to Rebuilding: Either give a brief lecture or prepare a handout based on the attached summary to give an overview of the factors generally accepted as those most important to the rebuilding of Western Europe’s economy. (You might mention that because of the Cold War and the “Iron Curtain” most of Eastern Europe was not included in such programs as the Marshall Plan.) 3. Brainstorm/Discussion: Now is the time to introduce the topic of Muslim migration to Europe. Of course, there were significant populations of Muslims in the Balkans and Turkey, 66
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Muslims in Europe A curriculum reso
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Table of contents Muslims in Europe
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Muslims in Europe: The Ottoman Heri
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closely integrated into the Ottoman
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Reviewing the basics of Islam At th
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Using “The Ottoman Heritage” as
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Timelime of Islam (Long Timeline) T
Page 15 and 16: 800s Written collections of Hadith
Page 17 and 18: 1366 Capital of Ottoman Empire move
Page 19 and 20: 1918 Fall of Ottoman Empire. League
Page 21: Population figures as of 2003 http:
Page 25 and 26: Ottoman Fashion I. Arrange a slide
Page 27 and 28: Traditional Uniforms Source: McLean
Page 29 and 30: Suleiman the Great increased this b
Page 31 and 32: Ottoman Demographics In the modern
Page 33 and 34: Map 4 Map 5 32
Page 35 and 36: Using the completed data charts dis
Page 37 and 38: The Turks and History Use the follo
Page 39 and 40: “An Eyewitness Account” Adapted
Page 41 and 42: understanding that only through dev
Page 43 and 44: cases it only increased the chasm b
Page 45 and 46: 10. Size of Group: According to Joh
Page 47 and 48: eligious group in Iran, Lebanon, an
Page 49 and 50: IV. Women in Islam One of the most
Page 51 and 52: ehalf of European Jews that they we
Page 53 and 54: of interest to Americans who seek t
Page 55 and 56: Pipes, Daniel. 1983. In the Path of
Page 57 and 58: 34 - Esposito, John L. 1999. The Ox
Page 59 and 60: Procedures/Activities: 1. Introduct
Page 61 and 62: Name ______________________________
Page 63 and 64: Post-WWII European Economy Economic
Page 65: The specter of inflation and curren
Page 69 and 70: Teacher Materials A. Stimuli to Rec
Page 71 and 72: c. The majority of migrants from ou
Page 73 and 74: Ask them if we as a country struggl
Page 75 and 76: with the class. Make a list on the
Page 77 and 78: 6. During the class discussion/shar
Page 79: NAME RISE OF ISLAM DATE Read all di
Page 89: NAME DATE NAPOLEONIC EUROPE 1812 Re
Page 98: NAME EUROPE 1914 DATE Read all dire
Page 101 and 102: 100
Page 103 and 104: NAME DATE EUROPE AFTER THE FIRST WO
Page 105 and 106: NAME DATE EUROPE 1939 Read all dire
Page 107 and 108: NAME DATE MODERN EUROPE Read all di
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Page 111 and 112: 110
Page 113 and 114: Evolving Religious & Cultural Ident
Page 115 and 116: European Union Countries with The L
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MUSLIM WORLD MAPS 116
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Modern Muslims In Europe 1945 - Pre
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Isolated Disadvantaged Segregated P
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Why Are Europeans Worried? Cont…
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Your Assignment 1) Read the Christi
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Center for Middle Eastern Studies a
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epeatedly in public appearances, se
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(EUMC), Europe's ethnic minorities
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Male Hijab The Kufi Why Do Some Lad
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Types of Hijab • The al-amira is
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Does this picture surprise you? Why
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There has been lots of controversy
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French headscarf ban opens rifts By
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3
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ut I think it is those women who ar
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Austria Demographics There are appr
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Belgium The emergence of the Muslim
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Major Muslim Organizations In the c
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framework, Applicants for a certifi
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schools, inter alia. The so-called
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In addition there are numerous loca
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and called it a “timid, narrow-mi
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The largest Muslim organisation is
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to have separate education for memb
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Schools In Cordoba, the Ibn Rushd I
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An influx of economic refugees Clos
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channel. They have been sentenced f
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Islamisk Samling (PIS, Political Is
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Statistics also show that the Musli
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The foundation of the Geneva Mosque
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Media’s Reviews and publications
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United Kingdom Number of Muslims an
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English is the main medium of instr
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Barriers to a Multicultural Europe
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Unemployment Muslim Unemployment Ty
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The Mosque of Rome 188
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