Muslims in Europe: - International Institute - University of Michigan

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f. Agriculture – Changes in agriculture rivaled the revolutionary transformation of industry. Many European countries made the transition from small-scale subsistence agriculture before 1945 to agricultural production aimed primarily at the much larger urban market. Despite the rapidly growing demand in Europe, a technological revolution in agriculture began to produce massive surpluses by the 1970s. (Wegs and Landrech) B. Migration 1. Migration Statistics: http://www.medea.be/index.html?page=2&lang=en&doc=280 http://www.medea.be/?page=2&lang=en&doc=339 2. Some brief notes on migration: a. Definitions: Immigration: The movement of people from one national-based society to another. Migration: Permanent or semi-permanent change of residence of an individual or group of people. However, the meaning has changed over time. Modern migration IS largely immigration. b. “Post-WW II Europe experienced its longest sustained period of economic growth between 1950 and 1962. But the effects of the growth varied across the different nations. As a result of this unevenness of growth, Europe witnessed a new phenomenon of voluntary movement of labor across national boundaries for temporary periods of employment. The continued economic growth encouraged the organized importation of labor, which at its peak in 1973 saw 11 to 12 million foreign workers living and working in Western Europe. By 1974, in the wake of the oil crisis and the recession that followed it, all the major labor importing countries were banning imported labor from non-EEC (European Economic Community) countries. The immediate postwar period brought economic reconstruction and with it the creation of the European Economic Community, which guaranteed free labor mobility within EEC member countries. Though it started slowly, international migration soon overwhelmed certain areas of Europe that were disproportionately hit by population flows. At its peak in 1973, employment from foreign labor was estimated by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) to be at 8 to 9 million people. Foreign workers differed demographically and occupationally from the indigenous population. Immigrants tended to be young, single males at prime working age who were largely uneducated and tended to stay in their temporary locales for about 5 years. The males disproportionately took jobs requiring unskilled manual labor, particularly in construction, while women were for the most part evenly distributed throughout the service sectors and manufacturing. As a consequence to these socioeconomic differences many immigrants faced prejudice and a clear division between them and the native populations. Countries were faced with deciding between integrating the alien population (which could cause “overforeignization”) or to allow workers to remain separate and cast out from the societies in which they were making their homes, as temporary as they were. (“Issues in the Evaluation of European Labor Flows,” Philip Martin, 1977)” 69
c. The majority of migrants from outside Europe came from former colonies and obvious colonial connections were important. North and West Africans moved to France. People came to the UK from India, Pakistan, Bengal and Caribbean countries. People from Surinam and Indonesia migrated to the Netherlands. In contrast to later, many came as citizens – e.g. British Nationality Act (1948) allowed citizens of the British Empire to move to the “mother country.” This ended in 1962 with the first restrictive immigration law. Not all European states had colonies. West Germany is the most obvious example: a pressing labor shortage led to the guestworker program in the mid 1950s. Guestworkers were purely economic and hence had precarious legal / legislative status in German society. Many wanted to stay and deportation was politically unacceptable (after war-time abuses). (Social and Urban Change in Western Europe, Lecture 2: Fortress Europe: The Geography of Social Disparity,” Andrew Jones) C. Articles for Students: “Immigrants Change Face of Old Europe” http://www.cfr.org/pub6827/charles_a_kupchan/immigrants_change_face_of_old_europe.php “Permanent Guests: Labor Migration, Citizenship and Identity” http://www.epiic.com/archives/1998/sympos98/guests98.html “What perspectives for Islam and Muslims in Europe? An Overview “ http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-117042-16&type=Analysis “Europe’s Muslim Street” http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/politics/2003/0304muslimeu.htm 70
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Muslims in Europe A curriculum reso
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Table of contents Muslims in Europe
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Muslims in Europe: The Ottoman Heri
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closely integrated into the Ottoman
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Reviewing the basics of Islam At th
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Using “The Ottoman Heritage” as
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Timelime of Islam (Long Timeline) T
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800s Written collections of Hadith
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1366 Capital of Ottoman Empire move
Page 19 and 20: 1918 Fall of Ottoman Empire. League
Page 21: Population figures as of 2003 http:
Page 25 and 26: Ottoman Fashion I. Arrange a slide
Page 27 and 28: Traditional Uniforms Source: McLean
Page 29 and 30: Suleiman the Great increased this b
Page 31 and 32: Ottoman Demographics In the modern
Page 33 and 34: Map 4 Map 5 32
Page 35 and 36: Using the completed data charts dis
Page 37 and 38: The Turks and History Use the follo
Page 39 and 40: “An Eyewitness Account” Adapted
Page 41 and 42: understanding that only through dev
Page 43 and 44: cases it only increased the chasm b
Page 45 and 46: 10. Size of Group: According to Joh
Page 47 and 48: eligious group in Iran, Lebanon, an
Page 49 and 50: IV. Women in Islam One of the most
Page 51 and 52: ehalf of European Jews that they we
Page 53 and 54: of interest to Americans who seek t
Page 55 and 56: Pipes, Daniel. 1983. In the Path of
Page 57 and 58: 34 - Esposito, John L. 1999. The Ox
Page 59 and 60: Procedures/Activities: 1. Introduct
Page 61 and 62: Name ______________________________
Page 63 and 64: Post-WWII European Economy Economic
Page 65 and 66: The specter of inflation and curren
Page 67 and 68: Post-WWII European Economy Rebuildi
Page 69: Teacher Materials A. Stimuli to Rec
Page 73 and 74: Ask them if we as a country struggl
Page 75 and 76: with the class. Make a list on the
Page 77 and 78: 6. During the class discussion/shar
Page 79: NAME RISE OF ISLAM DATE Read all di
Page 89: NAME DATE NAPOLEONIC EUROPE 1812 Re
Page 98: NAME EUROPE 1914 DATE Read all dire
Page 101 and 102: 100
Page 103 and 104: NAME DATE EUROPE AFTER THE FIRST WO
Page 105 and 106: NAME DATE EUROPE 1939 Read all dire
Page 107 and 108: NAME DATE MODERN EUROPE Read all di
Page 109 and 110: 108
Page 111 and 112: 110
Page 113 and 114: Evolving Religious & Cultural Ident
Page 115 and 116: European Union Countries with The L
Page 117 and 118: MUSLIM WORLD MAPS 116
Page 119 and 120: Modern Muslims In Europe 1945 - Pre
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Isolated Disadvantaged Segregated P
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Why Are Europeans Worried? Cont…
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Your Assignment 1) Read the Christi
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Center for Middle Eastern Studies a
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epeatedly in public appearances, se
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(EUMC), Europe's ethnic minorities
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Male Hijab The Kufi Why Do Some Lad
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Types of Hijab • The al-amira is
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Does this picture surprise you? Why
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There has been lots of controversy
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French headscarf ban opens rifts By
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3
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ut I think it is those women who ar
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Austria Demographics There are appr
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Belgium The emergence of the Muslim
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Major Muslim Organizations In the c
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framework, Applicants for a certifi
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schools, inter alia. The so-called
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In addition there are numerous loca
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and called it a “timid, narrow-mi
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The largest Muslim organisation is
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to have separate education for memb
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Schools In Cordoba, the Ibn Rushd I
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An influx of economic refugees Clos
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channel. They have been sentenced f
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Islamisk Samling (PIS, Political Is
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Statistics also show that the Musli
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The foundation of the Geneva Mosque
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Media’s Reviews and publications
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United Kingdom Number of Muslims an
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English is the main medium of instr
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Barriers to a Multicultural Europe
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Unemployment Muslim Unemployment Ty
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The Mosque of Rome 188
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