azu_td_1349475_sip1_... - Arizona Campus Repository

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1-1 Fiber array tap 14
2-1 Effect of lens NA on fiber coupling 22
2-2 The effect of chromatic aberration of diffractive lenses on fiber
coupling for three different wavelengths. Lens F#=3.125,
aperture=500 jim 25
2-3 Beam expansion versus propagation distance for three different
lens diameters 27
3-1 Plane monochromatic wave incident on a diffractive lens 30
3-2 Zone construction of Fresnel 30
3-3 Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) 32
3-4 FZP focusing an incident plane monochromatic wave 32
3-5 Cross section of binary diffractive lens 34
3-6 (a) Phase profile of refractive lens, (b) mod 2K phase profile of
kinoform 34
3-7 (a) Binary approximation to kinoform (b) 4 level approximation 36
3-8 (a) N level diffractive element (b) one sub-period 39
3-9 Diffraction efficiency of diffractive lens as a function of number of
phase levels 42
3-10 Fabrication process for binary lens, (a) mask exposure
(b) development (c) etch (d) photoresist removal 44
4-1 Three different alignment marks 47