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16 theory of diffractive lenses. Chapter 4 presents the experimental fabrication procedures used to fabricate binary diffractive microlens arrays. The experimental performance of the microlenses is given in chapter 5 along with a demonstration of a fiber tap and a fiber array coupler.
CHAPTER 2 17 LENS PARAMETERS FOR FIBER INTERCONNECTS The fiber optic tap presented in chapter one utilizes diffractive lenses to couple light into and out of fibers. This chapter first reviews important fiber parameters that need to be considered when designing lenses for this purpose. The effects of lens size and chromatic aberration on fiber coupling efficiency are then explored. 2.1 Optical Fibers The characteristics of optical fibers must be taken into account when designing a lens to be used for fiber interconnects. Important fiber parameters to consider are numerical aperture (NA), normalized frequency parameter, and output irradiance profile. 25 Optical fiber is designed with the index of the core being greater than the index of the cladding so light will propagate down the fiber through total internal reflection. The largest acceptance angle of the fiber, 0, can be defined in terms of the fiber's NA, NA = sind ~ Vnf -nf 2.1 where ^ is the index of refraction of the fiber core, and n 2 is the index of refraction of the fiber cladding. Just as for any optical component, the NA of the fiber is a measure of its light gathering power. Another important fiber characteristic to consider is the normalized frequency parameter or V number. The V number determines the number of
Page 1: INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscrip
Page 5 and 6: DIFFRACTIVE MICROLENSES FOR FIBER O
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 I would like to
Page 9 and 10: 5 Page 4.3 Photoresist Deposition 4
Page 11 and 12: 7 Page 4-2 Exposure test results fr
Page 13 and 14: ABSTRACT 9 The design, fabrication,
Page 15 and 16: 11 architectures. 3,4 5 8 In all of
Page 17 and 18: 13 microlenses have been presented
Page 19: 15 element acts as an interface bet
Page 23 and 24: 19 power coupling efficiency, T, be
Page 25 and 26: lens is, 21 NAflber = ^=m^. R R . 2
Page 27 and 28: 2.3 Chromatic Aberration 23 Despite
Page 29 and 30: 25 JL 0.985 0.99 0.995 .005 .015 >r
Page 31 and 32: 27 Propagation Distance (mm) Figure
Page 33 and 34: 29 spherical wave emitted from a po
Page 35 and 36: 31 zones is used, the light from ev
Page 37 and 38: 33 OPD=Jrl+f 2 3 3 The incident pla
Page 39 and 40: 3.3 Multi-level Diffractive Lenses
Page 41 and 42: 37 four level approximation. As the
Page 43 and 44: 39 a) T/N b) t(x) T/N ej2ro|> - I-*
Page 45 and 46: 41 A m = e-^sinci^j^t ij = 0 3.17 a
Page 47 and 48: 43 defining the structure of the le
Page 49 and 50: 45 where n is the index of the subs
Page 51 and 52: 47 B Q B mosiac aligned misaligned
Page 53 and 54: 49 4.3 Photoresist Deposition Shipl
Page 55 and 56: 51 Kfl A) 0 . . t .. .'i'S'l'lTtj
Page 57 and 58: 53 A. Substrate Preparation: 1. Soa
Page 59 and 60: 55 modulation is calculated using E
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-5 Photographs from a scann
Page 63 and 64: 59 was taken as the distance the kn
Page 65 and 66: 61 SAMPLE 1 t IMAX=40.37% SAMPLE 2
Page 67 and 68: 63 670 nm Laser diode Microlens Arr
Page 69 and 70: 65 1 Experimental data n Ideal Gaus
Page 71 and 72:
67 /OwQ\ xCX /TK X~X Fiber Figure 5
Page 73 and 74:
5.4 Conclusions 69 The design, fabr
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix A: MATLAB PROGRAM
Page 77 and 78:
theta=4*lammm/pi/dmm; z=0:100; dg=d
Page 79 and 80:
75 4" MASK 1" SQUARE CENTER I NOTES
Page 81 and 82:
TWP67 V=2mm H=5mm, 77 TWD671 BL1 AM
Page 83 and 84:
15 J.Jahns and A. Huang, "Planar in
Page 85:
"J.L. Vossen and W. Kem, Thin Film
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