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E-International Scientific Research Journal ISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 2011 Land Use: The forest emerged as the major land use/land cover also in the year 2010. A geographical area of 36.77 km 2 , which accounts for nearly 53 % of total area of the watershed, has been classified as forests. Due to complexities of terrain and other geomorphic features the forests of the watershed are diversified in nature. Out of the total forest 22.20 % (15.33 km 2 ) is under mixed forest, 19.56 % (13.51 km 2 ) is under Oak forest, and 11.48 % (7.93 km 2 ) is under Pine forests. The hilly and mountainous parts of the watershed are covered with Oak and Pine species, whereas, in the lower elevations in the south mixed type of vegetation is very common. Agriculture and settlement are now confined to 20.40 km 2 or 29.54 % of the total area. Scrub land, barren land and Riverbeds and water bodies respectively extend over 6.22 km 2 (9.01 %), 3.39 km 2 (4.91 %), 2.28 km 2 (3.30 %) of the total geographical land surface of the study area (Fig. 4). Morphometry-informatics Morphometric module consists of morphometric analysis for several drainage basin parameters include drainage pattern, stream order, stream number, stream length, mean stream length, drainage pattern, drainage density, stream frequency, stream length ratio, relief ratio, elongation ratio, bifurcation ratio, form factor, circularity ratio and sinuosity index as describing following sections: Drainage basin, drainage divide, and drainage pattern: The entire area of a river basin whose runoff drains into the river in the basin is considered as a hydrologic unit and is called a drainage basin, watershed or catchment area. The boundary line along a topographic ridge separating two adjacent drainage basins is called drainage divide. The DRB possesses a triangular shaped catchment area, which develop greater flood intensity at the outlet (at Bagjala). The greater flood intensity is because of the analogous length of tributaries and the run off reaches almost at once to the outlet. Stream Order: The first order streams are those that do not have any tributary. The smallest recognizable channels (stream) are called first order and these channels normally flow during wet weather (Chow et al., 1988). A second order stream forms when two first order stream join and a third order when two second order streams are joined and so on (Strahler, 1964). Where a channel of lower order joins a channel of higher order, the channel downstream preserves the higher of the two orders and the order of the river basin is the order of the stream draining its outlet, the highest stream order in the basin (Chow et al, 1988). It may be noted that Dabka river is a sixth order stream and the third to Sixth order streams are perennial and all others are ephemeral in nature (Fig. 3 and Table 1). The first order streams (495 numbers) can be identified only during monsoon period and stream ordering designates discharge from a drainage network. Stream Number: The order wise total number of stream segment is known as the stream number. As mention above that Dabak river is a Sixth order stream includes as many as 495 first, 105 second, 22 third, 5 fourth and 2 fifth order streams (Fig. 3 and Table 1). The data reveals that the number of stream segments decreases with increase in stream order. The decrease in the number of stream segments is experienced because when a channel of lower order joins a channel of higher order, the channel downstream retains the higher of the two orders (Chow et al, 1988). Table 1 holds excellent the law of stream numbers which states that the number of stream segment of each order form an inverse geometric sequence with states the order number (Horton 77
E-International Scientific Research Journal ISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 2011 1945). There is a total of 1945 stream in DRB. Some TOSBs with high proportion of first order stream and it may be due to structural weakness present in DRB. For the detailed study of other morphometric parameters the TOSBs were taken the number of polygons, perimeter and area of 23 TOSBs and the remaining portion (23 rd polygon) were determined and the location of TOSBs were observe (Fig. 4) and the drainage parameters of the TOSBs were compiled (Table 2). Table 2: Results of morphometric analysis of 23 third order basins Morphometric parameters Sub-basins (TOSBs) Sub-basin Area (Km 2 ) Length of Rb (Km.) Perimeter (Km.) Stream order No. of stream (Segments) Length of Stream (Km.) Mean Streams Length (Km.) Streams Length Ratio (order) Bifurcation Ratio Steams Involved in Rb. Drainage Density (Km/Sq Km.) Drainage frequency (Streams/sq km.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 13 3.5 0.2692308 6.5 2 2 1.5 0.75 2.7857 2 14 4 11.33 1.5 6.4 17.25 3 1 1 1 1.3333 3 1 8 2 0.25 4 2 2 1 0.5 2 2 10 2.8 8.67 1.25 5.3 15.1 3 1 0.5 0.5 1 3 1 6 1.5 0.25 3 2 2 0.5 0.25 1 2 8 3.52 13.75 0.85 4.5 11.3 3 1 1 1 4 3 1 14 8 0.5714286 4.6667 2 3 3.5 1.1666667 2.0417 3 17 5.68 9.55 2.2 12 25 3 1 1 1 0.8571 4 1 13 5 0.3846154 4.3333 2 3 1 0.3333333 0.8667 3 16 5.6 16 1.25 6 14 3 1 1 1 3 4 1 28 8 0.2857143 4.6667 2 6 1.5 0.25 0.875 6 34 5.33 18.23 2.25 10.1 20 3 1 2.5 2.5 10 7 1 8 2.3 0.2875 4 2 2 0.5 0.25 0.8696 2 10 5.33 17.34 0.75 7 17 3 1 1.2 1.2 4.8 3 1 32 10 0.3125 8 2 4 2.5 0.625 2 4 36 5.47 15.48 2.65 11 22.4 3 1 2 2 3.2 5 1 11 2 0.1818182 5.5 2 2 1.5 0.75 4.125 2 13 5 14.55 1.1 10 15 3 1 2 2 2.6667 3 1 8 2 0.25 4 2 2 0.5 0.25 1 2 10 1.47 11.35 1.15 9 16 3 1 1.2 1.2 4.8 3 78
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