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E-International Scientific Research Journal ISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 2011 Table 5. Floristic structure of herbs in site 5 (Natural forest) Herbs Frequency Density ha -1 Abundance IVI Year I st II nd I st II nd I st II nd I st II nd Achyranthes aspera L. 100.00 100.00 26000 44000 2.60 4.40 39.05 77.06 Adhatoda zeylanica Nees. - 100.00 16000 1.60 49.89 Aerva scandens Wall. 40.00 60.00 16000 12000 4.00 2.00 11.22 15.99 Ageratum conyzoides Linn. 20.00 - 2000 - 1.00 - 3.78 - Apluda mutica L.. 40.00 - 10000 - 2.50 - 9.84 - Barleria cristata Linn. 40.00 - 6000 - 1.50 - 9.37 - Bidens pilosa L. 100.00 100.00 198000 24000 19.80 2.40 118.49 35.95 Boehmeria platyphylla 40.00 40.00 4000 4000 1.00 1.00 7.81 8.38 D.Don Commelina benghalensis - 40.00 - 4000 - 1.00 - 8.11 L. Cyperus rotandrus L. - 40.00 - 4000 - 1.00 - 7.98 Dicliptera roxburghiana 80.00 - 18000 - 2.25 31.45 Nees Eupatorium glandulosum 40.00 40.00 12000 6000 3.00 1.50 22.37 17.48 Michx. Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex - 20.00 - 4000 - 2.00 - 5.34 Choisy Mallotus philippensis 20.00 - 2000 - 1.00 - 10.15 - (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. Murraya koenigii Spreng. - 60.00 - 12000 - 2.00 - 38.84 Oplismenus compositus 80.00 60.00 28000 6000 3.50 1.00 21.20 11.92 (L.) P. Beauv Oxalis corniculata (L.) L - 40.00 - 4000 - 1.00 - 8.34 Randia dumetorum Lamk. 20.00 - 2000 - 1.00 10.83 - Rumex hastatus D. Don. - 20.00 - 4000 - 2.00 - 5.32 Sida humillis Willd. 20.00 40.00 4000 6000 2.00 1.50 4.42 9.42 ``` 127
E-International Scientific Research Journal ISSN: 2094-1749 Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 2011 Short-Term Dynamics of the Active and Passive Soil Organic Carbon Pools in a Volcanic Soil Treated With Fresh Organic Matter Wilfredo A. Dumale, Jr. 1, 2, *, Tsuyoshi Miyazaki 2 , Taku Nishimura 2 and Katsutoshi Seki 3 1 Department of Plant Science, Nueva Vizcaya State University, Bayombong 3700, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines 2 Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan 3 Faculty of Business Administration, Toyo University, 5-28-20 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8606, Japan Abstract * Corresponding author, e-mail: dumalewajr@soil.en.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp; dumalewajr@nvsu.edu.ph In a 110-day constant temperature experiment (20° C), we determined the effect of fresh organic matters (FOM): 0 (control); 1.81 g leaf litter (LL) carbon kg -1 ; and 2.12 g chicken manure (CM) carbon kg -1 in the stable soil organic carbon [mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC)], labile soil organic carbon [soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC)], and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) evolution of a volcanic ash soil from Tsumagoi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan (138°30’ E, 36°30’ N). Overall, CO 2 evolution and SMBC increased after the treatment of soil with FOM, whereas MAOC decreased below its original level three days after FOM application. These data support the view that fresh OM promotes increases in SMBC and CO 2 in the rapidly cycling active carbon pool and further suggest that the MAOC fraction, though stable as conventionally believed, can be a source of CO 2 . Our findings challenge the convention that only labile SOC is the source of short-term CO 2 evolution from soils. Keywords: mineral-associated organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil organic carbon, CO 2 evolution Introduction Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest pool within the terrestrial carbon cycle (Gerzabek et al., 2001), consisting of a heterogeneous mixture of organic matter originating from plant, microbial and animal residues (Baldock and Skjemstad, 2000). A variety of terrestrial ecosystem models have been developed recently to study the impacts of management and/or climate change on SOC turnover under different climates, topographies and management (Sherrod et al., 2005). For example, the CENTURY model is a terrestrial SOC model which partitions SOC into three 128
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