2013 Briefing Book - Print Version - Aipac

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IRAN What Congress Has Done to Prevent a Nuclear Iran Targeted Iran’s Nuclear and Missile Programs. Congress has enacted a series of sanctions laws to punish foreign firms that supply Iran with nuclear components and conventional weapons. These sanctions, and tough law-enforcement efforts, have disrupted Iran’s proliferation networks, and limited the flow of critical technologies to Tehran. Squeezed Iran’s Energy Sector. Since 1996, Congress has passed a series of laws targeting the economic heart of Iran: its energy sector. Most recently, Congress passed the National Defense Authorization Act of Fiscal Year 2012 and the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which targeted Iranian oil exports and support to the Iranian energy sector. Outlawed Financial Firms Dealing with Iran. In 2010, Congress passed provisions that mandate sanctions on foreign banks that continue to conduct significant business with sanctioned Iranian entities. Since 2006, the United States has specifically sanctioned more than 20 Iranian financial institutions, and all Iranian banks have been barred from carrying out transactions via U.S.-based financial institutions. In 2011, Congress approved sanctions on foreign financial institutions that continue to carry out significant financial transactions with the Central Bank of Iran. As a result, Iran has been virtually cut off from the entire international financial system. Called on the Administration to Enforce Sanctions. Congress has repeatedly urged the executive branch to utilize its authority and fully enforce U.S. sanctions. In March of 2011, the United States imposed sanctions on seven firms providing support to Iran’s refined petroleum sector. Congress continues to press the Obama administration to implement sanctions on Chinese companies and other businesses with ties to Iran. Reiterated that All Options Are on the Table. Members of Congress have repeatedly reiterated that all options must remain on the table to deal with the threat of a nuclear Iran. Congress has pressed the Pentagon to ensure that the United States is prepared to carry out any action ordered by the president that may be needed to stop Iran’s nuclear quest. In the 2011 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress required the preparation of a national military strategy to counter Iran. In December 2012, 74 senators signed a letter to President Obama calling on him to affirm his readiness to take military action against Iran if it continues to seek a nuclear weapon. 127
IRAN A Terrorist Regime Iran is the world’s leading state sponsor of terrorism, providing weapons, money and training to groups whose goals include the destruction of Israel and the establishment of Islamic theocracies throughout the Middle East and beyond. KEY POINTS • Iran is a radical Islamist regime that has called for the destruction of both the United States and Israel. • Iran sponsors terrorist groups that have killed hundreds of American civilians and soldiers. • Iran has a global terrorist reach and undermines U.S. peace efforts through its support of such terrorist groups as Hamas and Hizballah. • The United States and other countries should increase efforts to interdict arms shipments and the transfer of funds from Iran to its terrorist allies. The Important Role That Congress Can Play Congress should ensure that the executive branch exercises its broad authority to sanction Iranian entities that engage in or finance terrorism. Congress should support U.S. efforts to work with Israel and the international community to intercept Iranian weapons shipments. Congress must exercise extreme diligence and oversight to ensure the United States identifies and disrupts Iranian terrorist plots before they can be carried out. 128
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1 1 3 T H C O N G R E S S • 1 S T
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREIGN AID 102 F
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INTRODUCTION What AIPAC Supports Th
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Why Israel Matte
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS The Jewish Conne
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THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL’S BORDERS L
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS massacres, prese
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS An Ancient Capit
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israel. However,
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS What Congress Di
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israel Shares Am
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israel Respects
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS prime minister.
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS What Congress Ha
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israel Provides
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israeli agricult
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israeli High-Tec
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RELATIONSHIP Relationship—Key Pri
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RELATIONSHIP The United States Has
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RELATIONSHIP that providing militar
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RELATIONSHIP What Congress Has Done
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RELATIONSHIP Israel Is America’s
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RELATIONSHIP boosting Israel’s ro
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RELATIONSHIP cooperation between th
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RELATIONSHIP State, Local Officials
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RELATIONSHIP America’s Oil Depend
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RELATIONSHIP The United States and
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RELATIONSHIP oil through the deploy
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RELATIONSHIP The U.S.-Israel Econom
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RELATIONSHIP Apple, Google, Intel a
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RELATIONSHIP Israeli companies have
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RELATIONSHIP What Congress Has Done
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ISRAEL AT RISK Why Israel Is at Ris
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ISRAEL AT RISK Iran: The Leading St
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TERRORIST BUILDUP IN GAZA Ashkelon
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ISRAEL AT RISK U.N. Security Counci
Page 77 and 78: ISRAEL AT RISK The Missile Threat I
Page 79 and 80: THE IRANIAN MISSILE THREAT BEL LARU
Page 81 and 82: ISRAEL AT RISK Syrian Weapons Arsen
Page 83 and 84: ISRAEL AT RISK What Congress Has Do
Page 85 and 86: ISRAEL AT RISK Iran Pursues Nukes,
Page 89 and 90: ISRAEL AT RISK A Region in Flux The
Page 91 and 92: ISRAEL AT RISK The Egyptian militar
Page 93 and 94: WHY ISRAEL MATTERS What Congress Ha
Page 95 and 96: ISRAEL AT RISK From Double Standard
Page 97 and 98: ISRAEL AT RISK repeatedly held “E
Page 99 and 100: ISRAEL AT RISK 2002 alone, Palestin
Page 103 and 104: FOREIGN AID Foreign Aid—Key Princ
Page 105 and 106: FOREIGN AID U.S.-Israel Agreement A
Page 107 and 108: FOREIGN AID The most recent U.S.-pr
Page 109 and 110: INCREASED THREATS, INCREASED COSTS:
Page 111 and 112: FOREIGN AID Keeping America Safe, S
Page 113 and 114: FOREIGN AID Securing America, Stren
Page 115 and 116: FOREIGN AID Foreign aid plays a cri
Page 117 and 118: FOREIGN AID What Congress Has Done
Page 119 and 120: IRAN Iran—Key Principles PREVENT
Page 121 and 122: IRAN How a Nuclear Iran Would Under
Page 123 and 124: IRAN UNDERMINE AMERICA’S CREDIBIL
Page 125 and 126: IRAN purpose but to produce and tes
Page 127: IRAN In 2012, the Obama administrat
Page 131 and 132: IRAN The Islamic Revolutionary Guar
Page 133 and 134: IRAN What Congress Has Done to Coun
Page 135 and 136: IRAN The Regime Has a Long History
Page 137 and 138: IRAN What Congress Has Done to Oppo
Page 139 and 140: PEACE PROCESS The Peace Process—K
Page 141 and 142: PEACE PROCESS United States, Israel
Page 143 and 144: PEACE PROCESS a state in other U.N.
Page 145 and 146: PEACE PROCESS THE UNITED STATES SHO
Page 147 and 148: ISRAEL’S QUEST FOR PEACE Even bef
Page 149 and 150: PEACE PROCESS What Congress Has Don
Page 151 and 152: PEACE PROCESS Hamas: 25 Years of Te
Page 153 and 154: PEACE PROCESS right and real way to
Page 155 and 156: PEACE PROCESS What Congress Has Don
Page 157 and 158: SYRIA-LEBANON Syria and Lebanon—K
Page 159 and 160: SYRIA-LEBANON The Syrian Regime Has
Page 161 and 162: SYRIA-LEBANON can consolidate the m
Page 163 and 164: SYRIA-LEBANON ASSAD REJECTED U.S. O
Page 165 and 166: SYRIA-LEBANON What Congress Has Don
Page 167 and 168: SYRIA-LEBANON Hizballah Serves as I
Page 169: SYRIA-LEBANON What Congress Has Don
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