2013 Briefing Book - Print Version - Aipac

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SYRIA-LEBANON In August 2011, President Obama called for Assad to step down, and condemned the regime’s “outrageous use of violence” and decision to “compound the already oppressive security measures” in place prior to the outbreak of protests with even greater “force and outrageous human rights abuses.” The United States has also announced sanctions against scores of regime figures, including Assad’s brother, Maher Assad, his cousin Atif Najib, and the director of Syria’s intelligence agency, Ali Mamluk. The United States also sanctioned the Syrian intelligence agency and Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps for providing support to the regime’s efforts to suppress protests. The Syrian regime’s war against its own people has created a mass exodus of perhaps half a million Syrian refugees in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq. An estimated 1.5 million Syrians are internally displaced, with their homes and whole communities destroyed. During the past year, after widespread peaceful protests were set upon by regime armed forces, a desperate armed insurgency has grown into a “Free Syrian Army,” recognized as a serious fighting force that has gained ground steadily since July 2012. A new FSA command structure was organized in December 2012 and a new umbrella Syrian National Coalition of opposition groups was officially recognized by the United States, France, Britain, and the Arab League as the “legitimate representative of the Syrian People.” It remains to be seen if this new apparatus Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has helped Syrian President Bashar Assad wage war against the Syrian people. 159
SYRIA-LEBANON can consolidate the many competing interests in a post-Assad Syria and ensure that Syria’s chemical and biological weapons do not fall into the hands of anti-Western terrorist groups now operating in the war-torn country. Syria Has Supported Terrorists Opposed to the United States For decades, Syria’s government maintained safe havens for numerous Palestinian terrorist groups. Frequent Syrian promises—most notably in April 2003 to Secretary of State Colin Powell—to close the Damascus offices of these groups were not fulfilled. With the Alawitedominated Syrian regime targeting the majority Sunni population, the leaders of Sunni terrorist groups such as Hamas moved their headquarters to other countries. Hizballah’s Massive Arsenal in Lebanon In the aftermath of the 2006 war between Hizballah and Israel, Syria played a key role in helping Hizballah to rearm, in violation of U.N. Security Council resolutions. Syria is both a transit route for Iranian weapons shipments to Hizballah and a key supplier of advanced weapons to the terrorist group. Syria has provided its most advanced, long-range guided rockets to Hizballah. Pentagon officials believe that the regime has transferred at least 10 Scud-D missiles to Hizballah. These ballistic missiles are capable of targeting all of Israel and represent a significant advancement in the terrorist group’s military capabilities. The fact that Bashar Assad is willing to provide Hizballah with such weapons— something his father, President Hafez Assad, never did—demonstrates his The Syrian regime has brutally suppressed and murdered tens of thousands of its own people. 160
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1 1 3 T H C O N G R E S S • 1 S T
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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREIGN AID 102 F
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INTRODUCTION What AIPAC Supports Th
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Why Israel Matte
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS The Jewish Conne
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THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL’S BORDERS L
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS massacres, prese
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS An Ancient Capit
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israel. However,
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS What Congress Di
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israel Shares Am
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israel Respects
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS prime minister.
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS What Congress Ha
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israel Provides
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israeli agricult
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WHY ISRAEL MATTERS Israeli High-Tec
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RELATIONSHIP Relationship—Key Pri
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RELATIONSHIP The United States Has
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RELATIONSHIP that providing militar
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RELATIONSHIP What Congress Has Done
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RELATIONSHIP Israel Is America’s
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RELATIONSHIP boosting Israel’s ro
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RELATIONSHIP cooperation between th
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RELATIONSHIP State, Local Officials
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RELATIONSHIP America’s Oil Depend
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RELATIONSHIP The United States and
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RELATIONSHIP oil through the deploy
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RELATIONSHIP The U.S.-Israel Econom
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RELATIONSHIP Apple, Google, Intel a
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RELATIONSHIP Israeli companies have
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RELATIONSHIP What Congress Has Done
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ISRAEL AT RISK Why Israel Is at Ris
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ISRAEL AT RISK Iran: The Leading St
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TERRORIST BUILDUP IN GAZA Ashkelon
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ISRAEL AT RISK U.N. Security Counci
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ISRAEL AT RISK The Missile Threat I
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THE IRANIAN MISSILE THREAT BEL LARU
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ISRAEL AT RISK Syrian Weapons Arsen
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ISRAEL AT RISK What Congress Has Do
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ISRAEL AT RISK Iran Pursues Nukes,
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ISRAEL AT RISK A Region in Flux The
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ISRAEL AT RISK The Egyptian militar
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ISRAEL AT RISK From Double Standard
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ISRAEL AT RISK repeatedly held “E
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ISRAEL AT RISK 2002 alone, Palestin
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FOREIGN AID Foreign Aid—Key Princ
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FOREIGN AID U.S.-Israel Agreement A
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FOREIGN AID The most recent U.S.-pr
Page 109 and 110: INCREASED THREATS, INCREASED COSTS:
Page 111 and 112: FOREIGN AID Keeping America Safe, S
Page 113 and 114: FOREIGN AID Securing America, Stren
Page 115 and 116: FOREIGN AID Foreign aid plays a cri
Page 117 and 118: FOREIGN AID What Congress Has Done
Page 119 and 120: IRAN Iran—Key Principles PREVENT
Page 121 and 122: IRAN How a Nuclear Iran Would Under
Page 123 and 124: IRAN UNDERMINE AMERICA’S CREDIBIL
Page 125 and 126: IRAN purpose but to produce and tes
Page 127 and 128: IRAN In 2012, the Obama administrat
Page 129 and 130: IRAN A Terrorist Regime Iran is the
Page 131 and 132: IRAN The Islamic Revolutionary Guar
Page 133 and 134: IRAN What Congress Has Done to Coun
Page 135 and 136: IRAN The Regime Has a Long History
Page 137 and 138: IRAN What Congress Has Done to Oppo
Page 139 and 140: PEACE PROCESS The Peace Process—K
Page 141 and 142: PEACE PROCESS United States, Israel
Page 143 and 144: PEACE PROCESS a state in other U.N.
Page 145 and 146: PEACE PROCESS THE UNITED STATES SHO
Page 147 and 148: ISRAEL’S QUEST FOR PEACE Even bef
Page 149 and 150: PEACE PROCESS What Congress Has Don
Page 151 and 152: PEACE PROCESS Hamas: 25 Years of Te
Page 153 and 154: PEACE PROCESS right and real way to
Page 155 and 156: PEACE PROCESS What Congress Has Don
Page 157 and 158: SYRIA-LEBANON Syria and Lebanon—K
Page 159: SYRIA-LEBANON The Syrian Regime Has
Page 163 and 164: SYRIA-LEBANON ASSAD REJECTED U.S. O
Page 165 and 166: SYRIA-LEBANON What Congress Has Don
Page 167 and 168: SYRIA-LEBANON Hizballah Serves as I
Page 169: SYRIA-LEBANON What Congress Has Don
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