JPATS Weather - NETC
JPATS Weather - NETC
JPATS Weather - NETC
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<strong>JPATS</strong> AVIATION WEATHER BOOKLET<br />
Anti-Icing and De-Icing Equipment<br />
Deicing equipment eliminates or removes ice that has already accumulated on the aircraft. Antiicing<br />
equipment prevents the accumulation of ice on specific aircraft surfaces. Most military<br />
aircraft are equipped with anti-icing and or deicing equipment. There are three common methods<br />
for preventing and or eliminating ice buildup: mechanical, fluids, and heat.<br />
The mechanical method uses deicing boots, which are rubber bladders installed on the leading<br />
edges of lift producing surfaces. Compressed air cycles through these rubber boots causing them<br />
to alternately inflate and deflate, thus cracking accumulated ice and allowing the air stream to<br />
peel it away.<br />
Anti-icing fluids are freezing point depressants and are pumped through small holes in the<br />
wing’s leading edge. This fluid coats the wing, preventing ice from forming on the wing’s<br />
surface. Deicing fluids are also used by ground crews to remove and prevent ice buildup before<br />
takeoff.<br />
Heat application capability to wings, props, tail surfaces, or engine intakes is installed in most<br />
aircraft. Systems of this nature can be designed for either anti-icing or deicing purposes. Critical<br />
areas can be heated electrically or by hot air that is bled from the engine’s compressor section.<br />
Recommended Precautions:<br />
Keep these precautions in mind when flying in the vicinity of icing conditions.<br />
1. Don’t fly into areas of known or forecast icing conditions.<br />
2. Avoid flying in clouds with temperatures from 0° C to –20° C.<br />
3. Don’t fly through rain showers or wet snow with temperatures near freezing.<br />
4. Avoid low clouds above mountain ridges or crests. Expect the heaviest icing in clouds<br />
around 5000 feet above the mountaintops.<br />
5. Do not make steep turns with ice on the airplane due to increased stall speeds.<br />
6. Avoid high angles of attack when ice has formed on the aircraft since the aircraft is closer to<br />
stall speed in these maneuvers.<br />
7. Under icing conditions, increased drag and additional power required increases fuel<br />
consumption.<br />
8. Change altitude to temperatures above freezing or colder than -20° C. An altitude change<br />
also may take you out of clouds.<br />
9. In freezing rain, climb to temperatures above freezing, since it will always be warmer at<br />
some higher altitude. Don’t delay your climb since ice can accumulate quickly. If you are<br />
going to descend, you must know the temperature and terrain below.<br />
10. Do not fly parallel to a front while encountering icing conditions.<br />
11. Avoid icing conditions as much as possible in the terminal phase of flight due to reduced<br />
airspeeds.<br />
12. Expect to use more power on final approach when experiencing structural icing.<br />
13. Always remove ice or frost from airfoils before attempting takeoff.<br />
Version 3.2/Dec 08 4-15