Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation - NERC

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Table of Contents Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................................... i 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Key Aspects of Bulk Power System Planning and Operations Must Change ................ 3 1.2 NERC’s Planning and Operating Committees Create a Task Force............................... 4 2. Characteristics of Power Systems & Variable Generation .......................................... 6 2.1. Power systems................................................................................................................. 6 2.2. Interconnection Procedures and Standards ................................................................... 11 2.3. Variable Generation Technologies ............................................................................... 13 2.4. Principal Characteristics of Wind and Solar Generation .............................................. 15 2.4.1. Wind Resources ........................................................................................................ 15 2.4.1.1. Wind turbine technologies .................................................................................... 16 2.4.1.2. Control capabilities of wind turbine generators.................................................... 18 2.4.1.3. Summary of Wind Controls.................................................................................. 23 2.4.2. Solar Generation ....................................................................................................... 23 2.4.2.1. Concentrating Solar Thermal Technology............................................................ 25 2.4.2.2. Photovoltaic (PV) Technology ............................................................................. 27 2.4.3. Power Management .................................................................................................. 29 2.5. Variable Generation Modeling ..................................................................................... 30 2.6. Summary....................................................................................................................... 33 3. Transmission Planning & Resource Adequacy ........................................................... 34 3.1. The Need for Transmission........................................................................................... 34 3.2. Resource Adequacy Planning ....................................................................................... 36 Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation
Page 1: Special Report: Accommodating High
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary Executive Summary
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary Additional flexib
Page 9 and 10: Introduction 1. Introduction Fossil
Page 11 and 12: Introduction Mindful of NERC’s mi
Page 13 and 14: Introduction In Arizona, the number
Page 15 and 16: Characteristics of Power Systems &
Page 23 and 24: 2.4. Principal Characteristics of W
Page 31 and 32: 2.4.1.3.Summary of Wind Controls Ch
Page 43 and 44: Transmission Planning & Resource Ad
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Transmission Planning & Resource Ad
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Power System Operations In the case
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Power System Operations 400 AESO Wi
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Power System Operations NERC Action
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Power System Operations participati
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Conclusions & Recommended Actions 5
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Conclusions & Recommended Actions g
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Appendix I: 2009-2011 Objective and
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Appendix II: Wind-Turbine Generatio
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Acronyms Acronyms ACE - Area Contro
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Acronyms VRT - Voltage Ride-Through
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IVGTF Roster Member William Grant M
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IVGTF Roster Observer Sasan Jalali
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IVGTF Roster NERC Staff Mark G. Lau
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References [15] EoN Netz Wind Repor
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References [42] Milligan, M.; Kirby
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References [66] GE Energy, Intermit
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References [89] Zavadil, R., J. Kin
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References [108] W. Wangdee, R. Bil
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