Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation - NERC

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Table of Contents 3.3. Transmission Planning.................................................................................................. 42 3.4. Voltage Stability and Regulation Considerations......................................................... 44 3.5. Planning Tools and Techniques.................................................................................... 44 3.6. Flexibility in the Resource Portfolio............................................................................. 47 3.7. Smart grid developments .............................................................................................. 49 3.8. Summary....................................................................................................................... 53 4. Power System Operations ............................................................................................. 54 4.1. Forecasting.................................................................................................................... 54 4.2. Unit Commitment and Dispatch ................................................................................... 59 4.3. Ancillary Services and Reduced Scheduling Intervals ................................................. 60 4.4. Summary....................................................................................................................... 62 5. Conclusions & Recommended Actions......................................................................... 63 Appendix I: 2009-2011 NERC Objectives and Work Plan ................................................ 66 Appendix II: Wind-Turbine Generation (WTG) Technologies.......................................... 75 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................. 77 IVGTF Membership................................................................................................................. 80 Further Reading ...................................................................................................................... 86 Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation
Executive Summary Executive Summary Reliably integrating high levels of variable resources — wind, solar, ocean, and some forms of hydro — into the North American bulk power system will require significant changes to traditional methods used for system planning and operation. This report builds on current experience with variable resources to recommend enhanced practices, study and coordination efforts needed to lay the foundation for this important integration effort. According to NERC’s 2008 Long-Term Reliability Assessment, over 145,000 MW of new variable resources are projected to be added to the North American bulk power system in the next decade. Even if only half of this capacity comes into service, it will represent a 350% increase in variable resources over what existed in 2008. Driven in large part by new policies and environmental priorities, this growth will represent one of the largest new resource integration efforts in the history of the electric Figure A: Wind Availability in Canada industry. Today, the bulk power system is designed to meet customer demand in real time – meaning that supply and demand must be constantly and precisely balanced. As electricity itself cannot presently be stored on a large scale, changes in customer demand throughout the day and over the seasons are met by controlling conventional generation, using stored fuels to fire generation plants when needed. Variable resources differ from conventional and fossil-fired resources in a fundamental way: their fuel source (wind, sunlight, and moving water) cannot presently be controlled or stored. Unlike coal or natural gas, which Figure B: Wind Availability and Demand Centers in the U.S. Blue - high wind potential, Brown - large demand centers, and Green - little wind and smaller demand centers. i Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation
Page 1 and 2: Special Report: Accommodating High
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Transmission Planning & Resource Ad
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Power System Operations In the case
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Power System Operations 400 AESO Wi
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Power System Operations NERC Action
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Power System Operations participati
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Conclusions & Recommended Actions 5
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Conclusions & Recommended Actions g
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Appendix I: 2009-2011 Objective and
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Appendix II: Wind-Turbine Generatio
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Acronyms Acronyms ACE - Area Contro
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Acronyms VRT - Voltage Ride-Through
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IVGTF Roster Member William Grant M
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IVGTF Roster Observer Sasan Jalali
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IVGTF Roster NERC Staff Mark G. Lau
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References [15] EoN Netz Wind Repor
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References [42] Milligan, M.; Kirby
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References [66] GE Energy, Intermit
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References [89] Zavadil, R., J. Kin
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References [108] W. Wangdee, R. Bil
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Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation - NERC

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