Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation - NERC

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Characteristics of Power Systems & Variable Generation • Appropriate test procedures should be developed to comply with NERC model validation and performance verification requirements (such as reactive limits). There is a need to develop and deploy valid, generic, non-confidential, and public standard power flow and stability (positive-sequence) models for variable generation technologies. Such models should be readily validated and publicly available to power utilities and all other industry stakeholders. Model parameters should be provided by variable generation manufacturers and a common model validation standard across all technologies should be adopted. Recommended NERC and Industry actions to address these needs are: NERC Action: Standard, valid, generic, non-confidential, and public, power flow and stability models (variable generation) are needed and must be developed, enabling planners to maintain bulk power system reliability. The NERC Planning Committee should undertake a review of the appropriate Modeling, Data and Analysis (MOD) Standards with a view towards improvements required to simulate high levels of variable generation. Feedback to the group working on NERC Standards’ Project 2007-09 will be provided. Industry Action: Industry activities (e.g. those of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) and Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC)) on short circuit and dynamic models should be supported and encouraged. Variable generation vendors need to be familiar with the NERC’s Modeling, Data and Analysis (MOD) Standards and materials which explain their intent and purpose. Further, industry should develop appropriate test procedures to comply with NERC model validation and performance verification requirements (such as reactive limits). Variable generation plants are often located in remote areas of the network where the shortcircuit level is weak and, as a result, problems such as under-/over-voltages, harmonics or voltage unbalances may be observed. Furthermore, controls for variable generation located near HVDC interconnections or near series compensation may interact with such equipment. 45 Therefore, variable generation manufacturers’ detailed 3-phase equipment level models are also needed to support specialized studies under these and other circumstances. The task force recommends: Industry Action: The variable generation manufacturers should support the development of detailed 3-phase models required for special system studies. 45 CIGRE Technical Brochure 328, Modeling and Dynamic Behavior of Wind Generation as it Relates to Power System Control and Dynamic Performance, Prepared by CIGRE WG C4.601, August 2007 (available on-line at: www.e-cigre.org) Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation 32
Characteristics of Power Systems & Variable Generation 2.6. Summary This Chapter provided an overview of the basic concepts of power system planning and the key considerations and characteristics of variable generation with emphasis on those attributes that may impact the reliable integration of these technologies onto the North American bulk power system. Particular attention was given to the need for adequate interconnection procedures and standards and variable generator models for power system analysis. The following two Chapters further consider the characteristics of variable generation and explore necessary changes in planning (Chapter 3) and operations (Chapter 4) processes to maintain the reliability of bulk power systems with increasing levels of variable generation. Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation 33
Page 1 and 2: Special Report: Accommodating High
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Table of Contents
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary Executive Summary
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary Additional flexib
Page 9 and 10: Introduction 1. Introduction Fossil
Page 11 and 12: Introduction Mindful of NERC’s mi
Page 13 and 14: Introduction In Arizona, the number
Page 15 and 16: Characteristics of Power Systems &
Page 23 and 24: 2.4. Principal Characteristics of W
Page 31 and 32: 2.4.1.3.Summary of Wind Controls Ch
Page 39: Characteristics of Power Systems &
Page 43 and 44: Transmission Planning & Resource Ad
Page 63 and 64: Power System Operations In the case
Page 65 and 66: Power System Operations 400 AESO Wi
Page 67 and 68: Power System Operations NERC Action
Page 69 and 70: Power System Operations participati
Page 71 and 72: Conclusions & Recommended Actions 5
Page 73 and 74: Conclusions & Recommended Actions g
Page 75 and 76: Appendix I: 2009-2011 Objective and
Page 83 and 84: Appendix II: Wind-Turbine Generatio
Page 85 and 86: Acronyms Acronyms ACE - Area Contro
Page 87 and 88: Acronyms VRT - Voltage Ride-Through
Page 89 and 90: IVGTF Roster Member William Grant M
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IVGTF Roster Observer Sasan Jalali
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IVGTF Roster NERC Staff Mark G. Lau
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References [15] EoN Netz Wind Repor
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References [42] Milligan, M.; Kirby
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References [66] GE Energy, Intermit
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References [89] Zavadil, R., J. Kin
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References [108] W. Wangdee, R. Bil
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Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation - NERC

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