Soton Equity and Trusts - alastairhudson.com
Soton Equity and Trusts - alastairhudson.com
Soton Equity and Trusts - alastairhudson.com
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(H)<br />
Requirement of the exclusivity of the charitable purpose.<br />
Reading: Hudson, section 25.3.1<br />
In interpreting charitable gifts, the courts are generous <strong>and</strong> give a benign construction:<br />
[1992] 2 A.C.310<br />
Guild v. IRC<br />
1 Cases of "OR"<br />
Chichester Diocesan Fund v. Simpson [1944] A.C. 341<br />
2 Cases of "AND"<br />
AG v. National Provincial Union Bank of Engl<strong>and</strong> [1924] A.C. 262<br />
3 Incidental Non-Charitable Purposes<br />
Re Coxen [1948] Ch. 747<br />
4 Subsidiary Purposes<br />
Oxford Group v. IRC [1949] 2 All E.R. 537<br />
5 Charitable <strong>Trusts</strong> (Validation) Act 1954<br />
This Act applies only to instruments (<strong>and</strong> declarations) before 1952 <strong>and</strong> is a<br />
"qualification" to the exclusively charitable rule in respect of imperfect trust provisions.<br />
Re Gillingham Bus Disaster Fund [1959] Ch. 62<br />
Ulrich v Treasury Solicitor [2006] 1 WLR 33.<br />
6) Literal interpretation of charitable trust instrument<br />
Blair v. Duncan [1902] A.C. 37 (charitable or public purposes).<br />
Chichester Diocesan Board of Finance v. Simpson [1944] A.C. 341 (charitable or benevolent<br />
purposes).<br />
Cf. Re Best [1904] 2 Ch. 354 (‘charitable <strong>and</strong> benevolent’).<br />
Att.-Gen. v. National Provincial <strong>and</strong> Union Bank of Engl<strong>and</strong> [1924] A.C. 262 (‘such patriotic<br />
purposes or objects <strong>and</strong> such charitable institution or institutions or charitable object or objects...’).<br />
7) Purposive approaches to interpretation<br />
Re Coxen [1948] Ch. 747 (quantification of separable charitable <strong>and</strong> non-charitable<br />
elements).<br />
Charitable <strong>Trusts</strong> (Validation) Act 1954.<br />
*Guild v. I.R.C. [1992] 2 A.C. 310.<br />
8) Modern approaches to the interpretation of charities seeking their validation<br />
Neville Estates Ltd. v. Madden [19621 Ch 832<br />
**Re Hetherington's Will <strong>Trusts</strong> [1990] Ch. 1<br />
*Guild v. I.R.C. [1992] 2 A.C. 310.<br />
Cf. the interpretation of non-charitable abstract purpose trusts<br />
9) Change of purpose<br />
Catholic Care v Charity Commission [2010] 4 All ER 1041<br />
(I)<br />
The Cy-Pres doctrine.<br />
In outline only…<br />
Reading: Hudson, section 25.9<br />
1) Charities Act 1993, s.13<br />
Charities Act 1993, s. 13 (1) (impossibility or impracticability).<br />
General charitable intent (initial impossibility or impracticability).<br />
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