FY2010 - Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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Director’s R&D Fund— Ultrascale Computing and Data Science In support of additional research into cloud computing at ORNL, we have established two cloud computing test beds so that user groups within ORNL can access these resources for cloud-enabling their applications. Also we built a lightweight framework in support of data-parallelized applications being auto-deployed to the cloud. 92
Director’s R&D Fund— Systems Biology and the Environment SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 05133 Carbon Drivers of the Microbe–Switchgrass Rhizosphere Interface Christopher W. Schadt, Hector F. Castro-Gonzalez, Marie Anne De Graaff, Charles T. Garten III, and Aimee T. Classen Project Description Plants allocate a significant proportion of their carbon belowground as roots and root exudates. These often-labile carbon substrates serve as the energy source for complex microbial communities that inhabit the rhizosphere and stimulate ecosystem nutrient processes. In spite of its ecological importance, root exudation is poorly understood and even less is known about how changes in the amount and type of root exudate might alter the functions of the soil microbial community. Microbial functional group composition in the rhizosphere is likely influenced directly and indirectly by a number of complex factors that include interactions with the dominant plant species as well as interactions with other microorganisms. Studies of the feedbacks between root exudation and microbial community function will enable better understanding of how shifts in plant genetics (e.g., bioenergy crops) may alter soil carbon cycles, crop sustainability, and carbon sequestration. In laboratory and greenhouse studies, we will merge the power of two technologies— 13 C stable isotope probing (SIP) and DNA analysis—to link root exudate quality and quantity with microbial community structure and function in the rhizosphere using switchgrass as a model system. Mission Relevance Understanding of the rhizosphere interface supports DOE objectives in carbon cycling and the role of soils in bioenergy crop sustainability. This project proposes an approach that could be used in several ecosystems by further development of genomic tools for ecosystem research. This will benefit research programs in the DOE Office of Science, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, other federal agencies such as EPA and USDA, and state extension progams. Within the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), this project will enhance the goals of the Program for Ecosystem Research (PER) to understand and predict effects of environmental changes associated with energy production on terrestrial ecosystems. The PER has encouraged explorations across levels of biological organization and the use of genomics in ecology. This project will also fit the DOE Genomics Science (formerly GTL) program goals to characterize the functional repertoire of microbial communities in natural environments and position ORNL to compete for DOEs planned investment in Genomics Science centers that focus on carbon cycling and climate change research. Accomplishments We successfully (1) designed microcosms enabling us to semi-hydroponically grow plants under anexic conditions to collect, and accurately identify root exudates; (2) identified some of the major root exudates 93
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NEUTRON SCIENCES ..................
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NATIONAL SECURITY SCIENCE AND TECHN
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05887 Controlling the Catalytic Pro
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Introduction INTRODUCTION The Labor
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Index of Project Numbers 05501 ....
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FY2010 - Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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