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continuous actuators - 24.26 24.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 1. ⎛ ⎞ ⎝ ⎠ ⎛ ⎞ ⎝ ⎠ a) P = 0.125 ------ in R = 0.025--------- in rot step θ = 0.025--------- in R step -- = -------------------------- P 0.125 ------ in rot = 0.2--------- rot step Thus b) θ = 0.2--------- rot = 72--------- deg step step 1 ------------------ 0.2--------- rot = 5 step --------- rot step c) PPS 3 in ---- s = ------------------------ 0.025--------- in = 120 steps ------------ s step 2. a) pulses ( 3rot) = 5 step ⎞ ⎛ --------- = 15steps rot ⎝ ⎠ b) pulses --------------- 25-------- rot ⎛ ⎛ step ⎞ = 5 --------- = 125 steps ------------ = 125 1min ------------ ⎞steps ------------ = 2.08 step ⎛ --------- ⎞ s min rot min 60s min s ⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 3. stepper motor vfd dc motor speed very low speeds limited speed range wide range torque low torque good at rated speed decreases at higher speeds 24.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 1. A stepper motor is to be used to actuate one joint of a robot arm in a light duty pick and place application. The step angle of the motor is 10 degrees. For each pulse received from the pulse train source the motor rotates through a distance of one step angle. a) What is the resolution of the stepper motor? b) Relate this value to the definitions of control resolution, spatial resolution, and accuracy, as discussed in class. c) For the stepper motor, a pulse train is to be generated by a motion controller.
continuous actuators - 24.27 How many pulses are required to rotate the motor through three complete revolutions? If it is desired to rotate the motor at a speed of 25 rev/min, what pulse rate must be generated by the robot controller? 2. Describe the voltage ripple that would occur when using a permanent magnet DC motor as a tachometer. Hint: consider the use of the commutator to switch the polarity of the coil. 3. Compare the advantages/disadvantages of DC permanent magnet motors and AC induction motors.
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ST1 B T2 A T1 C*B T3 page 0 ST3 T4
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page i 1.1 TODO LIST 1.4 2. PROGRAM
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page iii 7.4 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUT
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page v 14.2 MEMORY ADDRESSES 14.1 1
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page vii 20.3 SUMMARY 20.16 20.4 PR
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page ix 25.2 CONTROL OF LOGICAL ACT
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page xi 30.1 INTRODUCTION 30.1 30.2
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page xiii 35.21 U 35.28 35.22 V 35.
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plc wiring - 1.2 tougher, and the p
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plc wiring - 1.4 This book supports
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plc wiring - 2.2 logic diagrams was
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plc wiring - 2.4 115VAC wall plug r
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plc wiring - 2.6 A B B Note: When A
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plc wiring - 2.8 number there. The
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plc wiring - 2.10 2.1.3 PLC Connect
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plc wiring - 2.12 2.1.5 Ladder Logi
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plc wiring - 2.14 Solution: There a
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plc wiring - 2.16 4. Less expensive
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plc wiring - 3.2 quantities of I/O
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plc wiring - 3.4 5 Vdc (TTL) 200-24
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plc wiring - 3.6 There are many tra
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plc wiring - 3.8 ASIDE: PLC outputs
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plc wiring - 3.10 24 V DC Output Ca
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plc wiring - 3.12 put card directly
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plc wiring - 3.14 3.4 A CASE STUDY
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plc wiring - 3.16 L1 N 010 020 stop
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plc wiring - 3.18 disconnect circui
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plc wiring - 3.20 Resistor Tapped R
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plc wiring - 3.22 program. 200 201
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plc wiring - 3.24 3.8 PRACTICE PROB
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plc wiring - 3.26 14. 24Vdc + - 1 c
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plc wiring - 3.28 button inputs. b)
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discrete sensors - 4.2 puts from se
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discrete sensors - 4.4 term sourcin
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discrete sensors - 4.6 sensor V+ V+
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discrete sensors - 4.8 PLC Input Ca
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discrete sensors - 4.10 When purcha
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discrete sensors - 4.12 4.3.3 Optic
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discrete sensors - 4.14 In the figu
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discrete sensors - 4.16 effective b
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discrete sensors - 4.18 The optical
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discrete sensors - 4.20 C Ak = ----
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discrete sensors - 4.22 Material Co
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discrete sensors - 4.24 metal induc
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discrete sensors - 4.26 4.3.8 Fluid
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discrete sensors - 4.28 below. 00 0
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discrete sensors - 4.30 forget to i
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discrete sensors - 4.32 5. A transp
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discrete sensors - 4.34 7. 00 01 02
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discrete sensors - 4.36 9. L1 N sto
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discrete actuators - 5.1 5. LOGICAL
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discrete actuators - 5.3 Valve type
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discrete actuators - 5.5 F advancin
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discrete actuators - 5.7 Hydraulic
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discrete actuators - 5.9 Flow contr
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discrete actuators - 5.11 5.11 PRAC
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discrete actuators - 5.13
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plc boolean - 6.2 Note: By conventi
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plc boolean - 6.4 Idempotent A + A
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plc boolean - 6.6 6.3 LOGIC DESIGN
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plc boolean - 6.8 Ladder Logic for
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plc boolean - 6.10 der logic there
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plc boolean - 6.12 A = B⋅ C ⋅ (
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plc boolean - 6.14 A+ CA = A+ C pro
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plc boolean - 6.16 D1 D2 D3 multipl
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plc boolean - 6.18 Solution: D = A
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plc boolean - 6.20 The inputs and o
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plc boolean - 6.22 A = ( S⋅ M⋅
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plc boolean - 6.24 • Truth tables
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plc boolean - 6.26 b) Simplify the
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plc boolean - 6.28 2. A B D C 3. B
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plc boolean - 6.30 9. a) ( A+ B)
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plc boolean - 6.32 A B C B C D C A
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plc boolean - 6.34 17. D A Y 18. CA
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plc boolean - 6.36 c) A X B A C C A
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plc boolean - 6.38 algebra, and the
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plc karnaugh - 7.1 7. KARNAUGH MAPS
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plc karnaugh - 7.3 expression. The
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plc karnaugh - 7.5 7.3 PRACTICE PRO
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plc karnaugh - 7.7 5. Examine the t
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plc karnaugh - 7.9 Boolean equation
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plc karnaugh - 7.11 13. Consider th
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plc karnaugh - 7.13 5. 00 FG 01 11
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plc karnaugh - 7.15 9. CD AB AB A B
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plc karnaugh - 7.17 12. DA + ACD AB
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plc karnaugh - 7.19 4. Convert the
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plc operation - 8.2 inputs and outp
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plc operation - 8.4 input scan take
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plc operation - 8.6 8.3 PLC STATUS
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plc operation - 8.8 8.7 PRACTICE PR
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plc timers - 9.1 9. LATCHES, TIMERS
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plc timers - 9.3 The operation of t
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plc timers - 9.5 I/0 O/0 I/0 O/1 L
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plc timers - 9.7 oven has been turn
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plc timers - 9.9 value. The timer i
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plc timers - 9.11 I/1 TON T4:1 dela
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plc timers - 9.13 Start Stop Auto A
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plc timers - 9.15 CTU A Counter C5:
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plc timers - 9.17 The program in Fi
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plc timers - 9.19 9.6 INTERNAL RELA
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plc timers - 9.21 Solution: A T4:0/
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plc timers - 9.23 Solution: Motor S
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plc timers - 9.25 Solution: Go Stop
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plc timers - 9.27 Solution: TS1 LS1
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plc timers - 9.29 8. Complete the t
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plc timers - 9.31 17. Design a conv
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plc timers - 9.33 7. A RTF Timer T4
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plc timers - 9.35 9. input TON RTO
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plc timers - 9.37 14. I/1 T4:1/DN T
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plc timers - 9.39 16. left button T
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plc timers - 9.41 18. A T4:0/TT C5:
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plc timers - 9.43 22. GIVE SOLUTION
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plc timers - 9.45 3. Explain what w
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plc design - 10.2 Most control syst
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plc design - 10.4 Description: Step
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plc design - 10.6 step4 bottom LS s
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plc design - 10.8 Description: A ha
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plc design - 10.10 3. The first wra
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plc design - 10.12 3. (for both sol
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plc design - 10.14 (with latches fi
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plc design - 10.16 a) Start in an i
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plc flowchart - 11.1 11. FLOWCHART
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plc flowchart - 11.3 START Open out
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plc flowchart - 11.5 STEP 1: Add la
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plc flowchart - 11.7 STEP 2: Write
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plc flowchart - 11.9 F2 start MCR U
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plc flowchart - 11.11 F6 MCR L outl
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plc flowchart - 11.13 FS F1 F6 T1 T
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plc flowchart - 11.15 11.4 SUMMARY
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plc flowchart - 11.17 2. Start Get
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plc flowchart - 11.19 F3 gas can fu
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plc flowchart - 11.21 first scan L
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plc flowchart - 11.23 ST3 button MC
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plc flowchart - 11.25 ST8 button MC
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plc flowchart - 11.27 3. A welding
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plc states - 12.1 12. STATE BASED D
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plc states - 12.3 be active while c
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plc states - 12.5 Red Yellow Green
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plc states - 12.7 Step 2: Define St
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plc states - 12.9 RESET THE STATES
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plc states - 12.11 FIRST STATE WAIT
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plc states - 12.13 THIRD STATE WAIT
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plc states - 12.15 first scan L STB
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plc states - 12.17 Informally, Stat
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plc states - 12.19 Now, simplify th
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plc states - 12.21 OUTPUT LOGIC FOR
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plc states - 12.23 Each of the alte
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plc states - 12.25 A state diagram
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plc states - 12.27 CALCULATE STATE
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plc states - 12.29 STA T5 B T4 D ST
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plc states - 12.31 4. Given the fol
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plc states - 12.33 24 V AC Power Su
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plc states - 12.35 3. T1 = ST1 •
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plc states - 12.37 5. TA = ST2 ⋅
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plc states - 12.39 first scan MCR L
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plc states - 12.41 state 3 MCR rese
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plc states - 12.43 first scan state
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plc states - 12.45 state 4 remote M
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plc states - 12.47 ST1 remote T1 bu
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plc states - 12.49 12.5 ASSIGNMENT
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plc states - 12.51 6. Implement the
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plc states - 12.53 using an equatio
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plc states - 12.55 INPUTS I/1 - sta
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plc numbers - 13.2 decimal binary o
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plc numbers - 13.4 start with decim
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plc numbers - 13.6 Therearethreemot
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plc numbers - 13.8 decimal binary b
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plc numbers - 13.10 13.2.2 Other Ba
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plc numbers - 13.12 Figure 13.17 AS
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plc numbers - 13.14 An example of a
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plc numbers - 13.16 DATA CHECKSUM 1
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plc numbers - 13.18 a) from base 10
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plc numbers - 13.20 17. Do the foll
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plc numbers - 13.22 14. octal binar
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plc memory - 14.1 14. PLC MEMORY To
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plc memory - 14.3 programs are for
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plc memory - 14.5 Type A-ASCII B -
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plc memory - 14.7 literal data valu
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plc memory - 14.9 A MOV source 130
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plc memory - 14.11 CU - count up bi
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plc memory - 14.13 S2:0/0 carry in
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plc memory - 14.15 • In memory lo
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plc memory - 14.17 9. A B B C MOV S
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plc basic functions - 15.1 15. LADD
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plc basic functions - 15.3 NOTE: I
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plc basic functions - 15.5 A MOV so
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plc basic functions - 15.7 ADD sour
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plc basic functions - 15.9 given as
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plc basic functions - 15.11 FRD Sou
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plc basic functions - 15.13 A AVE F
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plc basic functions - 15.15 A FAL C
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plc basic functions - 15.17 EQU A N
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plc basic functions - 15.19 the hig
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plc basic functions - 15.21 15.3.2
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plc basic functions - 15.23 Solutio
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plc basic functions - 15.25 15.4.4
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plc basic functions - 15.27 6. A th
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plc basic functions - 15.29 3. coun
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plc basic functions - 15.31 first s
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plc basic functions - 15.33 9. NEG
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plc basic functions - 15.35 6. Writ
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plc advanced functions - 16.2 ter i
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plc advanced functions - 16.4 entry
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plc advanced functions - 16.6 16.2.
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plc advanced functions - 16.8 advan
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plc advanced functions - 16.10 16.1
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plc advanced functions - 16.12 A FO
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plc advanced functions - 16.16 prog
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plc advanced functions - 16.18 A X
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plc advanced functions - 16.20 e.g.
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plc advanced functions - 16.24 Prog
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plc advanced functions - 16.28 T4:0
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plc advanced functions - 16.30 8. D
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plc advanced functions - 16.32 B3:0
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plc advanced functions - 16.34 3. I
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plc advanced functions - 16.36 S3 S
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plc advanced functions - 16.38 11.
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plc iec61131 - 17.1 17. OPEN CONTRO
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plc iec61131 - 17.3 Name Type Bits
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plc il - 18.1 18. INSTRUCTION LIST
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plc il - 18.3 LD I:000/0 AND( I:000
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plc il - 18.5 Ladder A X Instructio
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plc il - 18.7 Ladder A X Y Instruct
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plc il - 18.9 Program File 2: Label
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plc st - 19.1 19. STRUCTURED TEXT P
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plc st - 19.3 GOOD BAD *) FUNCTION
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plc st - 19.5 Text Program Line VAR
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plc st - 19.7 Time Value 25ms 5.5ho
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plc st - 19.9 • Functions for Boo
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plc st - 19.11 F8:10 := 0; FOR (N7:
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plc st - 19.13 the delay time for a
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plc st - 19.15 • The list below g
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plc st - 19.17 Function MAX(A,B,...
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plc st - 19.19 .... D := TEST(1.3,
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plc sfc - 20.1 20. SEQUENTIAL FUNCT
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plc sfc - 20.3 selection branch - a
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plc sfc - 20.5 press will then retr
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plc sfc - 20.7 first scan INITIALIZ
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plc sfc - 20.9 transition 5 top lim
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plc sfc - 20.11 step 6 U step 6 L t
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plc sfc - 20.13 Program 3 (for step
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plc sfc - 20.15 ST2 TR8 ST2 TR13 FS
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plc sfc - 20.17 20.4 PRACTICE PROBL
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plc sfc - 20.19 2. Start EW crosswa
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plc sfc - 20.21 4. step 1 step 2 T1
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plc sfc - 20.23 T1 remote L step 3
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plc sfc - 20.25 step 1 step 2 step
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plc fb - 21.2 A FBD program is cons
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plc fb - 21.4 Figure 21.6 shows a d
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plc analog - 22.1 22. ANALOG INPUTS
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plc analog - 22.3 A more realistic
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plc analog - 22.5 R = 2 N = R max -
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plc analog - 22.7 Figure 22.6 Low S
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plc analog - 22.9 ASIDE: This devic
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plc analog - 22.11 (Note: each type
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plc analog - 22.13 important if the
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plc analog - 22.15 Given, Calculate
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plc analog - 22.17 tion will change
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plc analog - 22.19 A t V eff = A A
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plc analog - 22.21 flow. The resist
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plc analog - 22.23 • Analog shiel
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plc analog - 22.25 5. A card with a
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plc analog - 22.27 7. A SIN Source
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plc analog - 22.29 22.8 ASSIGNMENT
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continuous sensors - 23.2 terized w
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continuous sensors - 23.4 θ max V
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continuous sensors - 23.6 sensors r
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continuous sensors - 23.8 Normally
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continuous sensors - 23.10 A rod dr
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continuous sensors - 23.12 on off o
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continuous sensors - 23.14 Sealant
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continuous sensors - 23.16 After th
Page 553 and 554: continuous sensors - 23.18 stress d
Page 555 and 556: continuous sensors - 23.20 23.2.5 L
Page 557 and 558: continuous sensors - 23.22 These se
Page 559 and 560: continuous sensors - 23.24 result i
Page 561 and 562: continuous sensors - 23.26 very hig
Page 563 and 564: continuous sensors - 23.28 mV 80 E
Page 565 and 566: continuous sensors - 23.30 Thermist
Page 567 and 568: continuous sensors - 23.32 23.2.9 O
Page 569 and 570: continuous sensors - 23.34 device +
Page 571 and 572: continuous sensors - 23.36 The circ
Page 573 and 574: continuous sensors - 23.38 put is p
Page 575 and 576: continuous sensors - 23.40 ratio. I
Page 577 and 578: continuous sensors - 23.42 10. enco
Page 579 and 580: continuous actuators - 24.1 24. CON
Page 581 and 582: continuous actuators - 24.3 command
Page 583 and 584: continuous actuators - 24.5 wear, w
Page 585 and 586: continuous actuators - 24.7 ASIDE:
Page 587 and 588: continuous actuators - 24.9 L2 L1 L
Page 589 and 590: continuous actuators - 24.11 torque
Page 591 and 592: continuous actuators - 24.13 • Si
Page 593 and 594: continuous actuators - 24.15 runnin
Page 599 and 600: continuous actuators - 24.21 cally
Page 601 and 602: continuous actuators - 24.23 e f =
Page 603: continuous actuators - 24.25 24.5 S
Page 607 and 608: plc pid - 25.2 valve a) Water Tank
Page 609 and 610: plc pid - 25.4 to a process, and tu
Page 611 and 612: plc pid - 25.6 θ neural desired +
Page 613 and 614: plc pid - 25.8 next two sections de
Page 615 and 616: plc pid - 25.10 Figure 25.10 A Comb
Page 617 and 618: plc pid - 25.12 25.3.4 PID Control
Page 619 and 620: plc pid - 25.14 PID Control Block:
Page 621 and 622: plc pid - 25.16 S2:1/15 - first sca
Page 623 and 624: plc pid - 25.18 SOLUTION Analog Inp
Page 625 and 626: plc pid - 25.20 BT9:0/DN BT9:2/EN B
Page 627 and 628: plc pid - 25.22 4. Assume the value
Page 629 and 630: plc pid - 25.24 7. S2:1/15 - first
Page 631 and 632: plc pid - 25.26 25.8 ASSIGNMENT PRO
Page 633 and 634: plc fuzzy - 26.1 26. FUZZY LOGIC T
Page 635 and 636: plc fuzzy - 26.3 1. If (bucket is f
Page 637 and 638: plc fuzzy - 26.5 1. If v error is L
Page 639 and 640: plc fuzzy - 26.7 final motor contro
Page 641 and 642: plc fuzzy - 26.9 response will be s
Page 643 and 644: plc serial - 27.2 An example of a n
Page 645 and 646: plc serial - 27.4 A typical data by
Page 647 and 648: plc serial - 27.6 Modem Computer co
Page 649 and 650: plc serial - 27.8 RI - (ring indica
Page 651 and 652: plc serial - 27.10 ABL(channel, con
Page 653 and 654: plc serial - 27.12 ACI String ST9:1
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plc serial - 27.14 on many new inst
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plc serial - 27.16 5. Write a progr
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plc serial - 27.18 5. MOV Source F8
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plc network - 28.1 28. NETWORKING
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plc network - 28.3 ... R Repeater R
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plc network - 28.5 that syntax, for
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plc network - 28.7 28.1.4 Control N
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plc network - 28.9 • Data packet
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plc network - 28.11 MG9:0/EN MSG Se
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plc network - 28.13 1bit 11 bits 1b
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plc network - 28.15 46 to 1500 byte
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plc network - 28.17 1 byte 1 byte D
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plc network - 28.19 CMD 00 01 02 05
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plc network - 28.21 Table 1: Networ
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plc network - 28.23 Figure 28.17 A
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plc network - 28.25 2. MG9:0/EN MG9
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plc network - 28.27 b) MG9:0/EN MSG
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plc network - 28.29 to advance a he
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plc internet - 29.2 Aside: Open a D
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plc internet - 29.4 SMTP (Simple Ma
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plc internet - 29.6 Aside: While lo
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plc internet - 29.8 • A client do
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plc internet - 29.10 Windows machin
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plc hmi - 30.1 30. HUMAN MACHINE IN
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plc hmi - 30.3 1. Who needs what in
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plc electrical - 31.1 31. ELECTRICA
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plc electrical - 31.3 terminals pow
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plc electrical - 31.5 L1 L2 L3 star
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plc electrical - 31.7 L1 L2 L3 M M
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plc electrical - 31.9 31.2.2 Ground
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plc electrical - 31.11 Note: Always
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plc electrical - 31.13 31.2.4 Suppr
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plc electrical - 31.15 Dirt - Dust
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plc electrical - 31.17 more sensiti
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plc electrical - 31.19 • Use NO b
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plc electrical - 31.21 4. Why are n
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plc software - 32.2 Sabotage - For
Page 729 and 730:
plc software - 32.4 provides good t
Page 731 and 732:
plc software - 32.6 Table 1: ANSI/I
Page 733 and 734:
plc software - 32.8 orifice plate m
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plc software - 32.10 Each block in
Page 737 and 738:
plc software - 32.12 2. A basic mod
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plc software - 32.14 Project Notes
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plc software - 32.16 Application No
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plc software - 32.18 Internal Locat
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plc software - 32.20 These design s
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plc selection - 33.1 33. SELECTING
Page 749 and 750:
plc selection - 33.3 PLC MEMORY TIM
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plc selection - 33.5 Typical values
Page 753 and 754:
plc selection - 33.7 FEATURE PLC Si
Page 755 and 756:
plc selection - 33.9 - when a speci
Page 757 and 758:
plc function ref - 34.1 34. FUNCTIO
Page 759 and 760:
plc function ref - 34.3 XIC, XIO, O
Page 761 and 762:
plc function ref - 34.5 OSR, OSF -
Page 763 and 764:
plc function ref - 34.7 CTU - CounT
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plc function ref - 34.9 TON - Timer
Page 767 and 768:
plc function ref - 34.11 DTR - Data
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plc function ref - 34.13 LIM - LIMi
Page 771 and 772:
plc function ref - 34.15 ADD, DIV,
Page 773 and 774:
plc function ref - 34.17 CLR - CLea
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plc function ref - 34.19 SRT - SoRT
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plc function ref - 34.21 34.1.7 Mov
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plc function ref - 34.23 COP - file
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plc function ref - 34.25 FLL - file
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plc function ref - 34.27 34.1.9 Lis
Page 785 and 786:
plc function ref - 34.29 SQI - SeQu
Page 787 and 788:
plc function ref - 34.31 FOR, NXT,
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plc function ref - 34.33 SFR - Sequ
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plc function ref - 34.35 MSG - MeSs
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plc function ref - 34.37 34.1.12 St
Page 795 and 796:
plc function ref - 34.39 AEX - Asci
Page 797 and 798:
plc function ref - 34.41 ASC - Asci
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plc function ref - 34.43 Table 1: I
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plc function ref - 34.45 BSR BTD BT
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plc function ref - 34.47 Table 1: I
Page 805 and 806:
plc glossary - 35.1 35. COMBINED GL
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plc glossary - 35.3 background supp
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plc glossary - 35.5 bottom-up desig
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plc glossary - 35.7 noise immunity.
Page 813 and 814:
plc glossary - 35.9 35.4 D daisy ch
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plc glossary - 35.11 DTR (Data Term
Page 817 and 818:
plc glossary - 35.13 flow chart - a
Page 819 and 820:
plc glossary - 35.15 impedance - In
Page 821 and 822:
plc glossary - 35.17 ladder diagram
Page 823 and 824:
plc glossary - 35.19 motion detect
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plc glossary - 35.21 OSF (Open Soft
Page 827 and 828:
plc glossary - 35.23 used to pull i
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plc glossary - 35.25 but at the cos
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plc glossary - 35.27 step response
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plc glossary - 35.29 operating syst
Page 835 and 836:
plc references - 36.1 36. PLC REFER
Page 837 and 838:
plc references - 36.3 Table 1: Auth
Page 839 and 840:
plc references - 36.5 *Ridley, J.E.
Page 841 and 842:
gfdl - 37.2 ical or political posit
Page 843 and 844:
gfdl - 37.4 * A. Use in the Title P
Page 845 and 846:
gfdl - 37.6 37.8 AGGREGATION WITH I
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