Snow Leopard Survival Strategy - Panthera

est address the issue at a local level, it is necessary to
document the problem exists, the numbers of cats that
are being killed each year, and reasons for killing (such
as socio-economic factors in the area, depredation concerns,
etc.).
Potential Methods
• Review cases to identify known poaching patterns.
• Develop a standardized framework to document
poaching cases (use specific data such as measurements
to get information on population).
• Build or enhance a vigilance network. Train people to
record adequately.
• Incorporate poaching cases into national and range
wide database to identify patterns of snow leopard
poaching. Compare with prey poaching database.
• Share this information with enforcement officers or
community workers to develop actions to better fight
poaching.
Case Studies
Damania, R., R. Stringer, K. U. Karanth, B. Stith. 2003.
The economics of protecting tiger populations:
linking household behaviour to poaching and prey
depletion. Land Economics (79)2:198-216.
Dexel, B. Snow leopard conservation in Kyrgyzstan:
enforcement, education and research activities
by the German Society for Nature Conservation
(NABU). Pages 59 – 63 in T. M. McCarthy and J.
Weltzin, editors. Contributed Papers to the Snow
Leopard Survival Strategy Summit. International
Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Available at http://www.snowleopard.org/sln/
Kumar, A. and B. Wright. 1999. Combating tiger
poaching and illegal wildlife trade in India. Pages
243-251 in Seidensticker, J., S. Christie and P. Jackson,
editors. Riding the tiger: Tiger conservation in
human-dominated landscapes. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, New York & Melbourne.
R.15 Illegal trade in wildlife parts – market demand,
sources and routes, value, etc.:
A thorough investigation of trade in snow leopards
and their prey should be undertaken where poaching for
economic reasons is determined to be an issue, and in
known black market centers.
Potential Methods
• Based on a review of existing cases of poaching (R.10
and R.14), identify sources, routes, nodes and destinations.
• Document how wildlife parts are used and valued by
all stakeholders involved in illegal trade.
• Identify areas where further investigation is needed
and conduct investigation.
• Use this analysis to identify key points where actions
are likely to be more efficient.
Case Studies
Dexel, B. 2002. The illegal trade in snow leopards :
a global perspective. Naturschutzbund Deutschland
- German Society for Nature Conservation (NABU).
Available at http://www.schneeleopard.de
Mills, J.A. and P. Jackson. 1994. Killed for a cure:
a review of the worldwide trade in tiger bone.
TRAFFIC Species in Danger report. TRAFFIC,
Cambridge, UK.
Nowell, K. 2000. Far from a cure: the tiger trade revisited.
TRAFFIC Species in danger report. TRAF-
FIC, Cambridge, UK.
Plowden, C. and D. Bowles. 1997. The illegal market
in tiger parts in northern Sumatra, Indonesia.
Oryx 31(1):59-66.
Roe, D., T. Mulliken, S. Milledge, J. Mremi, S. Mosha
and M. Grieg-Gran. 2002. Making a killing or making
a living? Wildlife trade, trade controls and
rural livelihoods. Biodiversity and Livelihoods Issues
No.6.
Theile, S. 2003. Fading footsteps: the killing and
trade of snow leopards. TRAFFIC, Cambridge,
United Kingdom.
R.16 Livestock depredation rates:
Livestock losses to predators may constitute a serious
economic hardship for poor pastoralists living in snow
leopard habitat. However, the loss rate can vary greatly
and may influence what type of conservation remedy is
appropriate in any given site. Any study of depredation
should consider not only numbers of losses but type of
livestock lost and situation under which losses occur (see
R.17).
Potential Methods
• Review literature to have a broader view of existing
knowledge on depredation.
• Develop a standardized framework to document depredation
cases. Include various types of information
and train people to record.
• Conduct deeper investigations on selected areas.
Case Studies
Mazzolli, M., M. E. Graipel and N. Dunstone. 2002.
Mountain lion depredation in southern Brazil.
Biological Conservation 105(1):43-51.
Meriggi, A. and S. Lovari. 1996. A review of wolf
predation in southern Europe: Does the wolf prefer
wild prey to livestock? Journal of Applied Ecology
33:1561-1571.
Odden, J., J.D.C. Linnell, P.F. Moa, I. Herfindal, T.
Kvam, and R. Andersen. 2002. Lynx depredation
on domestic sheep in Norway. Journal of Wildlife
Management 66:98-105.
Pedersen, V.A., J.D.C. Linnell, R. Andersen, H. Andren,
M. Linden and P. Segerstrom. 1999. Winter lynx
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